Akhmetshina Alena, Kratky Dagmar, Rendina-Ruedy Elizabeth
Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria.
Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
Metabolites. 2023 Apr 21;13(4):578. doi: 10.3390/metabo13040578.
Bone is a dynamic tissue composed of cells, an extracellular matrix, and mineralized portion. Osteoblasts are responsible for proper bone formation and remodeling, and function. These processes are endergonic and require cellular energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is derived from various sources such as glucose, fatty acids, and amino acids. However, other lipids such as cholesterol have also been found to play a critical role in bone homeostasis and can also contribute to the overall bioenergetic capacity of osteoblasts. In addition, several epidemiological studies have found a link between elevated cholesterol, cardiovascular disease, an enhanced risk of osteoporosis, and increased bone metastasis in cancer patients. This review focuses on how cholesterol, its derivatives, and cholesterol-lowering medications (statins) regulate osteoblast function and bone formation. It also highlights the molecular mechanisms underlying the cholesterol-osteoblast crosstalk.
骨是一种由细胞、细胞外基质和矿化部分组成的动态组织。成骨细胞负责正常的骨形成、重塑和功能。这些过程是吸能反应，需要以三磷酸腺苷（ATP）形式存在的细胞能量，ATP来源于葡萄糖、脂肪酸和氨基酸等各种来源。然而，人们还发现其他脂质，如胆固醇，在骨稳态中起关键作用，也有助于成骨细胞的整体生物能量能力。此外，多项流行病学研究发现，胆固醇升高、心血管疾病、骨质疏松症风险增加以及癌症患者骨转移增加之间存在联系。本综述重点关注胆固醇及其衍生物以及降胆固醇药物（他汀类药物）如何调节成骨细胞功能和骨形成。它还强调了胆固醇与成骨细胞相互作用的分子机制。
