NeuroCyto, Neurobiologie des Interactions Cellulaires et Neurophysiopathologie (NICN) Unités Mixtes de Recherche (UMR) 7259, Aix Marseille Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), 3344 Cedex 15, Marseille, France.
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison.
Nat Rev Neurosci. 2017 Dec;18(12):713-726. doi: 10.1038/nrn.2017.129. Epub 2017 Nov 3.
The corporeal beauty of the neuronal cytoskeleton has captured the imagination of generations of scientists. One of the easiest cellular structures to visualize by light microscopy, its existence has been known for well over 100 years, yet we have only recently begun to fully appreciate its intricacy and diversity. Recent studies combining new probes with super-resolution microscopy and live imaging have revealed surprising details about the axonal cytoskeleton and, in particular, have discovered previously unknown actin-based structures. Along with traditional electron microscopy, these newer techniques offer a nanoscale view of the axonal cytoskeleton, which is important for our understanding of neuronal form and function, and lay the foundation for future studies. In this Review, we summarize existing concepts in the field and highlight contemporary discoveries that have fundamentally altered our perception of the axonal cytoskeleton.
神经元细胞骨架的物质之美吸引了一代又一代科学家的想象力。它是用光镜最容易观察到的细胞结构之一，其存在已经有 100 多年了，但直到最近我们才开始充分认识到它的复杂性和多样性。最近的研究将新探针与超高分辨率显微镜和活细胞成像结合起来，揭示了轴突细胞骨架的惊人细节，特别是发现了以前未知的基于肌动蛋白的结构。这些新技术与传统的电子显微镜一起，提供了轴突细胞骨架的纳米尺度视图，这对于我们理解神经元的形态和功能很重要，并为未来的研究奠定了基础。在这篇综述中，我们总结了该领域现有的概念，并重点介绍了那些从根本上改变了我们对轴突细胞骨架认识的当代发现。
