Schönbach Johanna-Katharina, Pfinder Manuela, Börnhorst Claudia, Zeeb Hajo, Brand Tilman
Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology-BIPS, 28359 Bremen, Germany.
Health Sciences Bremen, University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2017 Nov 8;14(11):1356. doi: 10.3390/ijerph14111356.
While total physical activity decreases over the life course, sports and leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) have shown to increase after transition to retirement. This paper aimed to investigate whether this change in sports participation differs (1) between non-migrant persons (NMP) versus persons with a migrant background (PMB), and (2) by acculturation status. Data was drawn from 16 waves of the German Socio-Economic Panel Study (SOEP) including 2664 NMP and 569 PMB. PMB were grouped according to acculturation status (integrated, assimilated, marginalised, separated), assessed regarding three dimensions (language, social interaction and identification). We applied multilevel logistic regression models, adjusting for sex, retirement age, socioeconomic status, health status and body mass index. Our results show that (1) transition to retirement led to an increase in the sports participation of NMP during the first 5 years and the subsequent 5 years after retirement. Changes in sports participation were modified by migration status: In PMB sports participation increased to a lesser extent than in NMP. (2) While sports participation of integrated PMB was not significantly different from NMP in the preretirement phase, sports participation among integrated PMB increased less after retirement compared with NMP. Marginalized and assimilated PMB did not show consistent sports participation patterns before retirement, but seemingly increased their sports participation less than NMP over the retirement transition. Separated PMB had particularly low levels of sports participation. Considering that LTPA is a key factor for healthy ageing, the increasing gap in levels of sports participation after transition to retirement indicates the need for interventions targeting physical activity of the older migrant population.
虽然总体身体活动在整个生命过程中会减少，但体育和休闲时间身体活动（LTPA）在退休后已显示出增加的趋势。本文旨在调查这种体育参与的变化是否存在差异：（1）在非移民者（NMP）和有移民背景者（PMB）之间；（2）因文化适应状况而异。数据取自德国社会经济面板研究（SOEP）的16轮调查，包括2664名NMP和569名PMB。根据文化适应状况（融合、同化、边缘化、隔离）对PMB进行分组，并从语言、社会互动和认同三个维度进行评估。我们应用了多层次逻辑回归模型，并对性别、退休年龄、社会经济地位、健康状况和体重指数进行了调整。我们的结果表明：（1）退休后，NMP在退休后的前5年和随后5年的体育参与有所增加。体育参与的变化因移民身份而异：PMB的体育参与增加幅度小于NMP。（2）虽然在退休前阶段，融合型PMB的体育参与与NMP没有显著差异，但与NMP相比，融合型PMB在退休后的体育参与增加较少。边缘化和同化型PMB在退休前没有表现出一致的体育参与模式，但在退休过渡期间，他们的体育参与增加幅度似乎小于NMP。隔离型PMB的体育参与水平特别低。鉴于LTPA是健康老龄化的关键因素，退休后体育参与水平差距的扩大表明需要针对老年移民人口的身体活动进行干预。
