Department of Psychiatry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Nussbaumstrasse 7, 80336 Munich, Germany.
Institute for Occupational and Social Medicine, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
Int J Hyg Environ Health. 2018 Mar;221(2):191-198. doi: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2017.10.012. Epub 2017 Oct 28.
Knowledge about the change in blood nicotine concentrations during the first five minutes (acute phase) of e-cigarette vaping is important to determine whether the used product has a dependence potential or may be an efficient nicotine replacement product. To address this issue, we monitored blood nicotine levels during the acute phase in volunteers using disposable cigalikes (CLs) and a tank model (TM) and compared them with blood nicotine levels in subjects using a tobacco cigarette (TC). In parallel, heart rate changes were continually measured and withdrawal symptoms and craving were assessed with the Questionnaire on Smoking Urges before and immediately after the vaping/smoking sessions. Additionally, at the end of each session negative health effects were rated on a visual analog scale. After five minutes of e-cigarette or TC use, the mean nicotine plasma concentrations were as follows: CLs, 5.5ng/ml; TM, 9.3ng/ml; TC, 17.1ng/ml. Nicotine levels increased significantly faster in the first 4min of consuming a TC than with the CLs and the TM. The highest rate of increase in nicotine concentration was found with the TC (6.8ng/ml) and TM (2.3ng/ml) between the 1st and 2nd minute, whereas the CLs showed comparatively small changes in the amount delivered over the five minutes. Withdrawal and craving for smoking decreased with the TM by the same amount as with the TC, even though less nicotine was delivered to the blood and considerably fewer side effects occurred. The heart rate of TM users was also markedly lower than that of the TC users. Unlike CLs, TM e-cigarettes represent an effective source of nicotine and might be used as an alternative nicotine replacement product to aid smoking cessation. However, nicotine plasma levels observed in TM users after short-time vaping have also the potential to produce and sustain nicotine addiction.
关于电子烟吸第一分钟（急性阶段）血液尼古丁浓度变化的知识对于确定所用产品是否具有依赖潜力或可能是有效的尼古丁替代产品很重要。为了解决这个问题，我们监测了使用一次性雪茄（CL）和罐式模型（TM）的志愿者在急性阶段的血液尼古丁水平，并将其与使用传统香烟（TC）的受试者的血液尼古丁水平进行了比较。同时，连续测量心率变化，并在吸电子烟/吸烟前后使用吸烟欲望问卷评估戒断症状和渴望感。此外，在每次吸电子烟结束时，使用视觉模拟量表对负面健康影响进行评分。吸电子烟或吸 TC 5 分钟后，平均尼古丁血浆浓度如下：CL，5.5ng/ml；TM，9.3ng/ml；TC，17.1ng/ml。吸食 TC 的前 4 分钟内，尼古丁水平增加明显快于 CL 和 TM。在第 1 分钟和第 2 分钟之间，TC（6.8ng/ml）和 TM（2.3ng/ml）的尼古丁浓度增加率最高，而 CL 在 5 分钟内输送的尼古丁浓度变化相对较小。TM 和 TC 一样，随着 TM 的使用，吸烟的戒断和渴望感都有所降低，尽管血液中输送的尼古丁更少，出现的副作用也少得多。TM 用户的心率也明显低于 TC 用户。与 CL 不同，TM 电子烟是一种有效的尼古丁来源，可能被用作帮助戒烟的尼古丁替代产品。然而，TM 用户在短时间吸电子烟后观察到的尼古丁血浆水平也有可能产生并维持尼古丁成瘾。
