Watson Andrew M
Division of Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopedics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI.
Curr Sports Med Rep. 2017 Nov/Dec;16(6):413-418. doi: 10.1249/JSR.0000000000000418.
Sleep is an essential component of health and well-being, with significant impacts on physical development, emotional regulation, cognitive performance, and quality of life. Along with being an integral part of the recovery and adaptive process between bouts of exercise, accumulating evidence suggests that increased sleep duration and improved sleep quality in athletes are associated with improved performance and competitive success. In addition, better sleep may reduce the risk of both injury and illness in athletes, not only optimizing health but also potentially enhancing performance through increased participation in training. Despite this, most studies have found that athletes fail to obtain the recommended amount of sleep, threatening both performance and health. Athletes face a number of obstacles that can reduce the likelihood of obtaining proper sleep, such as training and competition schedules, travel, stress, academic demands, and overtraining. In addition, athletes have been found to demonstrate poor self-assessment of their sleep duration and quality. In light of this, athletes may require more careful monitoring and intervention to identify individuals at risk and promote proper sleep to improve both performance and overall health. This review attempts to highlight the recent literature regarding sleep issues in athletes, the effects of sleep on athletic performance, and interventions to enhance proper sleep in athletes.
睡眠是健康和幸福的重要组成部分，对身体发育、情绪调节、认知表现和生活质量有着重大影响。除了作为运动间歇期恢复和适应过程的一个不可或缺的部分外，越来越多的证据表明，运动员睡眠时间的增加和睡眠质量的改善与运动表现的提高和比赛成功相关。此外，良好的睡眠可能会降低运动员受伤和患病的风险，不仅能优化健康状况，还可能通过增加训练参与度来提高运动表现。尽管如此，大多数研究发现运动员未能获得建议的睡眠时间，这对运动表现和健康都构成了威胁。运动员面临着一些可能降低获得充足睡眠可能性的障碍，比如训练和比赛日程安排、旅行、压力、学业要求以及过度训练。此外，研究发现运动员对自己的睡眠时间和质量的自我评估较差。鉴于此，运动员可能需要更仔细的监测和干预，以识别有风险的个体，并促进良好睡眠，从而提高运动表现和整体健康水平。这篇综述试图突出关于运动员睡眠问题的最新文献、睡眠对运动表现的影响以及提高运动员良好睡眠的干预措施。
