McNeill A D, Jarvis M J, Stapleton J A, West R J, Bryant A
Addiction Research Unit, Institute of Psychiatry, Denmark Hill, London, England.
Am J Public Health. 1989 Feb;79(2):172-5. doi: 10.2105/ajph.79.2.172.
Smoking habits and smoke intake were studied over three consecutive years in 197 girls, initially aged 11 to 14 years. Saliva cotinine concentrations in girls who were smokers throughout the three years increased over each year of the study, the greatest increase occurring during movement from occasional to daily smoking. Cigarette consumption also increased over the two years. For a group of continuing daily smokers (n = 23), inhalation of smoke per cigarette as indexed by the ratio of cotinine concentration to average daily cigarette consumption did not change over time. Cotinine concentrations in 16 girls who were smoking on a daily basis within a year of starting to smoke suggested the early development of inhalation. Our findings suggest that young smokers learn to inhale cigarette smoke very early in their smoking careers, that further increases in smoke intake mainly reflect increased cigarette consumption, and that the pharmacological effects of nicotine are already important in reinforcing their smoking.
对197名初始年龄在11至14岁的女孩连续三年的吸烟习惯和吸烟量进行了研究。在这三年中一直吸烟的女孩，其唾液可替宁浓度在研究的每一年都有所增加，最大增幅出现在从偶尔吸烟转变为每日吸烟的过程中。在这两年里，香烟消费量也有所增加。对于一组持续每日吸烟的人群（n = 23），以可替宁浓度与平均每日香烟消费量的比值为指标，每支香烟吸入的烟雾量并未随时间变化。16名在开始吸烟一年内就每日吸烟的女孩的可替宁浓度表明其早期就已形成吸入行为。我们的研究结果表明，年轻吸烟者在其吸烟生涯的早期就学会了吸入香烟烟雾，吸烟量的进一步增加主要反映了香烟消费量的增加，并且尼古丁的药理作用在强化她们的吸烟行为方面已经很重要。
