Miller G, Palmer K R, Smith B, Ferrington C, Merrick M V
GI Unit, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh.
Gut. 1989 Jan;30(1):50-3. doi: 10.1136/gut.30.1.50.
Oesophageal transit and gastric emptying of liquids and solids was measured in eight normal subjects with a single test meal containing In113 labelled water and an omelette labelled with Tc99m sulphur colloid. Each volunteer was studied, basally, whilst continuously smoking, and while chewing nicotine gum. Neither liquid, nor solid oesophageal transit were affected by smoking, or gum. Liquid gastric emptying occurred exponentially and clearance was not affected by smoking nor gum (mean basal t1/2 17.4 (2.7) (SEM) min, smoking t1/2 16.6 (7.4) min, gum t1/2 12.5 (2.9) min). Gastric emptying of solid had three components. An initial mean lag phase increased from 17.5 (2.7) min, to 27.5 (6.1) min (p less than 0.05) during smoking, but was not prolonged by nicotine gum (17.5 (1.1) min). A subsequent linear emptying phase was also slowed by smoking from a mean of 1.01 (0.15)% min to 0.80 (0.15)% min (p less than 0.05), but was not affected by nicotine gum, 1.06 (0.2)% min. A third complex phase of solid gastric emptying was not analysed. Smoking delays gastric emptying of solids, but not liquids; nicotine is not responsible for this effect. This observation may partly explain the adverse effect of smoking in patients with gastro-oesophageal reflux.
对8名正常受试者进行了液体和固体的食管转运及胃排空的测量，给他们提供一顿含有铟113标记水和锝99m硫胶体标记煎蛋饼的试验餐。在基础状态下、持续吸烟时以及咀嚼尼古丁口香糖时对每位志愿者进行研究。吸烟和嚼口香糖对液体和固体的食管转运均无影响。液体胃排空呈指数形式，清除率不受吸烟和口香糖的影响（基础状态下平均半衰期为17.4（2.7）（标准误）分钟，吸烟时半衰期为16.6（7.4）分钟，嚼口香糖时半衰期为12.5（2.9）分钟）。固体胃排空有三个阶段。初始平均延迟期在吸烟时从17.5（2.7）分钟增加到27.5（6.1）分钟（p<0.05），但尼古丁口香糖未使其延长（17.5（1.1）分钟）。随后的线性排空期在吸烟时也从平均每分钟1.01（0.15）%减慢至0.80（0.15）%（p<0.05），但不受尼古丁口香糖影响，为1.06（0.2）%每分钟。未对固体胃排空的第三个复杂阶段进行分析。吸烟会延迟固体的胃排空，但不影响液体；尼古丁并非造成这种影响的原因。这一观察结果可能部分解释了吸烟对胃食管反流患者的不良影响。
