Kim Kihyun, Lee Yoonji, Ha Areum, Kim Ji-In, Park Ae Ran, Yu Nan Hee, Son Hokyoung, Choi Gyung Ja, Park Hae Woong, Lee Chul Won, Lee Theresa, Lee Yin-Won, Kim Jin-Cheol
Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Institute of Environmentally-Friendly Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea.
Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
Front Plant Sci. 2017 Nov 27;8:2010. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2017.02010. eCollection 2017.
Fusarium head blight (FHB) caused by infection with leads to enormous losses to crop growers, and may contaminate grains with a number of Fusarium mycotoxins that pose serious risks to human and animal health. Antagonistic bacteria that are used to prevent FHB offer attractive alternatives or supplements to synthetic fungicides for controlling FHB without the negative effects of chemical management. Out of 500 bacterial strains isolated from soil, JCK-12 showed strong antifungal activity and was considered a potential source for control strategies to reduce FHB. JCK-12 produces several cyclic lipopeptides (CLPs) including iturin A, fengycin, and surfactin. Iturin A inhibits spore germination of Fengycin or surfactin alone did not display any inhibitory activity against spore germination at concentrations less than 30 μg/ml, but a mixture of iturin A, fengycin, and surfactin showed a remarkable synergistic inhibitory effect on spore germination. The fermentation broth and formulation of JCK-12 strain reduced the disease incidence of FHB in wheat. Furthermore, co-application of JCK-12 and chemical fungicides resulted in synergistic antifungal effects and significant disease control efficacy against FHB under greenhouse and field conditions, suggesting that JCK-12 has a strong chemosensitizing effect. The synergistic antifungal effect of JCK-12 and chemical fungicides in combination may result from the cell wall damage and altered cell membrane permeability in the phytopathogenic fungi caused by the CLP mixtures and subsequent increased sensitivity of to fungicides. In addition, JCK-12 showed the potential to reduce trichothecenes mycotoxin production. The results of this study indicate that JCK-12 could be used as an available biocontrol agent or as a chemosensitizer to chemical fungicides for controlling FHB disease and as a strategy for preventing the contamination of harvested crops with mycotoxins.
由 感染引起的小麦赤霉病（FHB）给作物种植者造成了巨大损失，并且可能使谷物被多种镰刀菌霉菌毒素污染，这些毒素对人类和动物健康构成严重风险。用于预防小麦赤霉病的拮抗细菌为合成杀菌剂提供了有吸引力的替代品或补充剂，用于控制小麦赤霉病且无化学防治的负面影响。从土壤中分离出的500株细菌菌株中，JCK - 12表现出强大的抗真菌活性，被认为是减少小麦赤霉病防治策略的潜在来源。JCK - 12产生几种环脂肽（CLP），包括伊枯草菌素A、丰原素和表面活性素。伊枯草菌素A抑制 的孢子萌发。单独的丰原素或表面活性素在浓度低于30μg/ml时对孢子萌发未显示任何抑制活性，但伊枯草菌素A、丰原素和表面活性素的混合物对 孢子萌发显示出显著的协同抑制作用。JCK - 12菌株的发酵液和制剂降低了小麦中小麦赤霉病的发病率。此外，在温室和田间条件下，JCK - 12与化学杀菌剂共同施用产生了协同抗真菌作用和对小麦赤霉病显著的病害防治效果，表明JCK - 12具有很强的化学增敏作用。JCK - 12与化学杀菌剂联合的协同抗真菌作用可能是由于CLP混合物导致植物病原真菌细胞壁损伤和细胞膜通透性改变，随后 对杀菌剂的敏感性增加。此外，JCK - 12显示出降低单端孢霉烯族毒素霉菌毒素产生的潜力。本研究结果表明，JCK - 12可用作有效的生物防治剂或化学杀菌剂的化学增敏剂，用于控制小麦赤霉病，也是预防收获作物被霉菌毒素污染的一种策略。
