Thomsen H S, Larsen S, Hemmingsen L, Holm J, Skaarup P
Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Københavns Amts Sygenhus I Herlev, University of Copenhagen.
Acta Radiol. 1989 Mar-Apr;30(2):217-22.
Urine profiles (albumin, glucose, NAG, LDH, GGT, sodium, and phosphate) were followed for 14 days after intravenous injection of either diatrizoate, iohexol, ioxilan, or saline in 24 Wistar rats with a glomerular and tubular dysfunction induced by intramuscularly (i.m.) administered glycerol. Another 6 rats exposed to neither glycerol nor contrast media served as controls. The effect of ioxilan and saline on the albumin excretion was similar, whereas diatrizoate and iohexol increased it significantly. The contrast media had no further inhibitory effect on the reabsorption of glucose. Iohexol caused significantly increased excretion of all three enzymes, ioxilan of NAG and LDH, whereas diatrizoate only increased the excretion of LDH. The sodium excretion was further increased by ioxilan and diatrizoate, whereas none of the contrast media affected the phosphaturia. Both ioxilan and iohexol caused a round cell response around the tubules shown by light microscopy whereas diatrizoate caused no further changes. It is concluded that diatrizoate and iohexol increase glomerular dysfunction induced by glycerol i.m.; all three contrast media cause some further increase in the tubular dysfunction. Neither diatrizoate, iohexol nor ioxilan prolong nephropathy induced by glycerol i.m. determined by the chemical analyses. The histologic finding indicates a direct toxic effect of non-ionic low osmolar contrast media in this animal model of nephropathy.
在24只经肌肉注射甘油诱导肾小球和肾小管功能障碍的Wistar大鼠中，静脉注射泛影葡胺、碘海醇、碘克沙醇或生理盐水后，连续14天监测尿液指标（白蛋白、葡萄糖、N - 乙酰 - β - D - 氨基葡萄糖苷酶、乳酸脱氢酶、γ - 谷氨酰转肽酶、钠和磷酸盐）。另外6只既未接触甘油也未接触造影剂的大鼠作为对照。碘克沙醇和生理盐水对白蛋白排泄的影响相似，而泛影葡胺和碘海醇则使其显著增加。造影剂对葡萄糖重吸收没有进一步的抑制作用。碘海醇导致所有三种酶的排泄显著增加，碘克沙醇使N - 乙酰 - β - D - 氨基葡萄糖苷酶和乳酸脱氢酶排泄增加，而泛影葡胺仅使乳酸脱氢酶排泄增加。碘克沙醇和泛影葡胺使钠排泄进一步增加，而所有造影剂均未影响磷酸盐尿。碘克沙醇和碘海醇在光学显微镜下均导致肾小管周围出现圆形细胞反应，而泛影葡胺未引起进一步变化。得出的结论是，泛影葡胺和碘海醇会加重肌肉注射甘油所致的肾小球功能障碍；所有三种造影剂都会使肾小管功能障碍进一步加重。通过化学分析确定，泛影葡胺、碘海醇和碘克沙醇均未延长肌肉注射甘油所致的肾病病程。组织学检查结果表明，在这种肾病动物模型中，非离子型低渗造影剂具有直接毒性作用。
