Laboratory for Bioremediation and Metagenomics Research (LBMR), Department of Environmental Microbiology (DEM), Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University), Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226 025, India.
Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment (IUE), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Xiamen, 361021, People's Republic of China.
Arch Environ Contam Toxicol. 2018 Aug;75(2):259-272. doi: 10.1007/s00244-017-0490-x. Epub 2017 Dec 14.
Tannery wastewater (TWW) is of serious environmental concern to pollution control authorities, because it contains highly toxic, recalcitrant organic and inorganic pollutants. The nature and characteristics of recalcitrant organic pollutants (ROPs) are not fully explored to date. Hence, the purpose of this study was to characterize and identify the ROPs present in the treated TWW. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry data analysis showed the presence of a variety of ROPs in the treated TWW. Results unfolded that benzyl chloride, butyl octyl phthalate, 2,6-dihydroxybenzoic acid 3TMS, dibutyl phthalate, benzyl alcohol, benzyl butyl phthalate, 4-chloro-3-methyl phenol, phthalic acid, 2'6'-dihydroxyacetophenone, diisobutyl phthalate, 4-biphenyltrimethylsiloxane, di-(-2ethy hexyl)phthalate, 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid, dibenzyl phthalate, and nonylphenol were present in the treated TWW. Due to endocrine disrupting nature and aquatic toxicity, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency classified many of these as "priority pollutants" and restricted their use in leather industries. In addition, the physicochemical analysis of the treated TWW also showed very high BOD, COD, and TDS values along with high Cr and Pb content beyond the permissible limits for industrial discharge. Furthermore, phytotoxicity assessment unfolds the inhibitory effects of TWW on the seed germination, seedling growth parameters, and α-amylase activity in Phaseolus aureus L. This indicates that the TWW discharged even after secondary treatment into the environment has very high pollution parameters and may cause a variety of serious health threats in living beings upon exposure. Overall, the results reported in this study will be helpful for the proper treatment and management of TWW to combat the environmental threats.
制革废水（TWW）对污染控制当局来说是一个严重的环境问题，因为它含有高度有毒、难降解的有机和无机污染物。迄今为止，难降解有机污染物（ROPs）的性质和特征尚未得到充分探索。因此，本研究的目的是对处理后的 TWW 中存在的 ROPs 进行特征描述和鉴定。气相色谱-质谱数据分析显示，处理后的 TWW 中存在多种 ROPs。结果表明，苄基氯、丁基辛基邻苯二甲酸酯、2,6-二羟基苯甲酸 3TMS、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯、苄醇、苄基丁基邻苯二甲酸酯、4-氯-3-甲基苯酚、邻苯二甲酸、2'6'-二羟基苯乙酮、二异丁基邻苯二甲酸酯、4-联苯三甲硅烷、二（-2-乙基己基）邻苯二甲酸酯、1,2-苯二甲酸、二苄基邻苯二甲酸酯和壬基酚存在于处理后的 TWW 中。由于具有内分泌干扰性质和水生毒性，美国环境保护署将其中许多物质列为“优先污染物”，并限制其在制革行业中的使用。此外，处理后的 TWW 的理化分析还显示，BOD、COD 和 TDS 值非常高，Cr 和 Pb 含量也很高，超过了工业排放的允许限值。此外，植物毒性评估表明 TWW 对 Phaseolus aureus L. 的种子萌发、幼苗生长参数和α-淀粉酶活性具有抑制作用。这表明，即使经过二级处理后排放到环境中的 TWW 仍具有很高的污染参数，可能会对暴露在其中的生物造成各种严重的健康威胁。总的来说，本研究报告的结果将有助于对 TWW 进行适当的处理和管理，以应对环境威胁。
