Klein Lavy, Gao Tina, Barzilai Nir, Milman Sofiya
Department of Geriatrics, Shoham Medical Center, Pardes-Hanna, The Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.
Institute for Aging Research, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States.
Front Med (Lausanne). 2017 Dec 8;4:214. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2017.00214. eCollection 2017.
Sleep patterns such as longer sleep duration or napping are associated with poor health outcomes. Although centenarians and their offspring demonstrate a delayed onset of age-related diseases, it is not known whether they have healthier sleep patterns or are protected against the negative effects of sleep disturbances.
Data on sleep patterns and health history were collected from Ashkenazi Jewish subjects of the Longevity Genes Project using standardized questionnaires. Participants included individuals with exceptional longevity (centenarians) with preserved cognition ( = 348, median age 97 years), their offspring ( = 513, median age 69 years), and controls ( = 199) age-matched to the offspring. Centenarians reported on their sleep patterns at age 70, while the offspring and controls on their current sleep patterns. Biochemical parameters were measured at baseline. Models were adjusted for age, sex, BMI, and use of sleep medication.
The offspring and controls reported similar sleep patterns, with 33% sleeping ≥8 h and 17% napping in each group. At age 70, centenarians were more likely to have slept ≥8 h (55%) and to have napped (28%) compared with offspring and controls, < 0.01. Among centenarians, no association was noted between sleep patterns and health outcomes. Sleeping for ≥8 h was associated with lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in the offspring and controls, and with insulin resistance in the offspring, but not with diabetes. Napping was associated with insulin resistance among the controls ( < 0.01), but not the offspring. Controls, but not offspring, who napped were 2.79 times more likely to have one or more of the following diseases: hypertension, myocardial infarction, stroke, or diabetes (OR 2.79, 95% CI 1.08-7.21, = 0.04).
Despite being more likely to exhibit risky sleep patterns at age 70 compared with the offspring and controls, the centenarians were protected from age-related morbidities. The offspring of centenarians did exhibit metabolic disturbances in association with less healthy sleep patterns; however, unlike the controls, they were much less likely to manifest age-related diseases. This suggests that offspring may have inherited resilience genotypes from their centenarian parents that protect them against the harmful effects of sleep disturbances.
较长的睡眠时间或午睡等睡眠模式与不良健康结局相关。尽管百岁老人及其后代表现出与年龄相关疾病的发病延迟，但尚不清楚他们是否具有更健康的睡眠模式，或者是否能免受睡眠障碍负面影响的影响。
使用标准化问卷从长寿基因项目的阿什肯纳兹犹太受试者中收集睡眠模式和健康史数据。参与者包括认知功能正常的超长寿命个体（百岁老人，n = 348，中位年龄97岁）、他们的后代（n = 513，中位年龄69岁）以及与后代年龄匹配的对照组（n = 199）。百岁老人报告其70岁时的睡眠模式，而后代和对照组报告他们当前的睡眠模式。在基线时测量生化参数。模型针对年龄、性别、体重指数和睡眠药物使用情况进行了调整。
后代和对照组报告的睡眠模式相似，每组中33%的人睡眠时间≥8小时，17%的人午睡。与后代和对照组相比，百岁老人在70岁时更有可能睡眠时间≥8小时（55%）和午睡（28%），P < 0.01。在百岁老人中，未发现睡眠模式与健康结局之间存在关联。睡眠时间≥8小时与后代和对照组中较低的高密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平相关，与后代中的胰岛素抵抗相关，但与糖尿病无关。午睡与对照组中的胰岛素抵抗相关（P < 0.01），但与后代无关。午睡的对照组而非后代患以下一种或多种疾病的可能性高2.79倍：高血压、心肌梗死、中风或糖尿病（OR 2.79，95%CI 1.08 - 7.21，P = 0.04）。
尽管与后代和对照组相比，百岁老人在70岁时更有可能表现出有风险的睡眠模式，但他们免受与年龄相关的发病影响。百岁老人的后代确实表现出与不太健康的睡眠模式相关的代谢紊乱；然而，与对照组不同，他们患与年龄相关疾病的可能性要小得多。这表明后代可能从他们的百岁老人父母那里继承了弹性基因型，从而保护他们免受睡眠障碍的有害影响。
