Liu Tong, Xu Ye, Wang Xiaoming, Gu Jinbao, Yan Guiyun, Chen Xiao-Guang
Department of Pathogen Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
Department of Pathogen Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Program in Public Health, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, USA.
Dev Comp Immunol. 2018 Jun;83:34-43. doi: 10.1016/j.dci.2017.12.025. Epub 2017 Dec 30.
Mosquito-borne viral diseases represent a major challenge to human public health. As natural vectors of arboviruses, mosquitoes can be infected by a virus, but they have evolved multiple mechanisms to tolerate constant infection and restrict viral replication via their antiviral immune system. In a state of continuous infection, a mosquito can transmit an arbovirus while obtaining a blood meal from a mammalian host. During infection, the virus is mainly inhibited through a small RNA-mediated interference mechanism. Within mosquitoes, the invaded viruses are recognized based on pathogen-associated molecular patterns, leading to the production of cytokines. These cytokines in turn bind pattern recognition receptors and activate Toll, IMD and other immune signalling pathways to expand the immune response and induce antiviral activity via immune effectors. Interestingly, the gut microbiota and Wolbachia also play a role in mosquito antiviral immunity, which is very similar to acquired immunity. This review describes the advances made in understanding various aspects of mosquito antiviral immune molecular mechanisms in detail and explores some of the unresolved issues related to the mosquito immune system.
蚊媒病毒病对人类公共卫生构成重大挑战。作为虫媒病毒的天然载体，蚊子可被病毒感染，但它们已进化出多种机制来耐受持续感染，并通过其抗病毒免疫系统限制病毒复制。在持续感染状态下，蚊子在从哺乳动物宿主获取血餐时可传播虫媒病毒。在感染过程中，病毒主要通过小RNA介导的干扰机制受到抑制。在蚊子体内，入侵的病毒基于病原体相关分子模式被识别，从而导致细胞因子的产生。这些细胞因子反过来结合模式识别受体并激活Toll、IMD等免疫信号通路，以扩大免疫反应并通过免疫效应器诱导抗病毒活性。有趣的是，肠道微生物群和沃尔巴克氏体也在蚊子抗病毒免疫中发挥作用，这与获得性免疫非常相似。本综述详细描述了在理解蚊子抗病毒免疫分子机制各个方面所取得的进展，并探讨了与蚊子免疫系统相关的一些未解决问题。
