Vidu Ana, Tomás Gema, Flecha Ramon
Av de las Universidades, 24, 48007 Bilbao, Spain.
Diagonal Avenue, 690, Office 4100, 08034 Barcelona, Spain.
Sex Res Social Policy. 2022;19(2):562-573. doi: 10.1007/s13178-021-00571-0. Epub 2021 Mar 26.
Countless efforts to combat sexual harassment have been proposed, and for the first time in history, the second order of sexual harassment (SOSH) has been legislated under the term second-order violence (SOV) by a unanimous vote of the Catalan Parliament. Advances in preventing and responding to sexual harassment contribute to highlighting the intervention as being crucial to supporting survivors against retaliation. A lack of support provides a general explanation on why bystanders tend not to intervene and highlights the reality that reprisals are suffered by those who support victims.
From the existing knowledge about sexual harassment prevention and response mechanisms, this paper analyzes scientific evidence through a review of the literature published in databases, as well as legislation, reports, and other materials.
The context that enables SOV legislation is grounded in three realms: (1) bystander intervention and protection, (2) the role of support networks in protecting survivors, and (3) awareness and legislation of SOSH. An active bystander refers to the involvement of someone who is aware of potential sexual harassment situations.
The lack of legislation against SOSH limits bystander intervention and support; therefore, legislating protection for supporters has become urgent and necessary. Legislating SOSH has great social implications because gender equality cannot be fully achieved if bystander protection is not legally considered. Policy Implications: As no legal system has previously contemplated SOSH, its pioneering parliamentarian approval and establishment by Catalan law constitute a legal key innovation for the field of gender and women's studies. In fact, evidence reported here are important in developing further regulations and policy.
As no legal system has previously contemplated SOSH, its pioneering parliamentarian approval and establishment by Catalan law constitute a legal key innovation for the field of gender and women's studies. In fact, evidence reported here are important in developing further regulations and policy.
人们提出了无数打击性骚扰的举措，加泰罗尼亚议会一致投票通过，有史以来第一次将二级性骚扰（SOSH）作为二级暴力（SOV）条款立法。在预防和应对性骚扰方面取得的进展有助于突出干预对于支持幸存者免受报复的至关重要性。缺乏支持为旁观者往往不进行干预提供了一个普遍解释，并凸显了支持受害者的人会遭受报复这一现实。
本文依据现有的关于性骚扰预防和应对机制的知识，通过查阅数据库中发表的文献以及立法、报告和其他资料来分析科学证据。
使二级暴力立法成为可能的背景基于三个领域：（1）旁观者干预与保护；（2）支持网络在保护幸存者方面的作用；（3）二级性骚扰的认知与立法。积极的旁观者是指意识到潜在性骚扰情况的人的参与。
缺乏针对二级性骚扰的立法限制了旁观者的干预和支持；因此，为支持者立法保护变得紧迫且必要。对二级性骚扰进行立法具有重大社会意义，因为如果不将旁观者保护纳入法律考量，就无法完全实现性别平等。政策影响：由于此前没有法律体系考虑过二级性骚扰，加泰罗尼亚法律对其开创性的议会批准和确立，构成了性别与妇女研究领域的一项关键法律创新。事实上，此处报告的证据对于进一步制定法规和政策很重要。
由于此前没有法律体系考虑过二级性骚扰，加泰罗尼亚法律对其开创性的议会批准和确立，构成了性别与妇女研究领域的一项关键法律创新。事实上，此处报告的证据对于进一步制定法规和政策很重要。
