Department of Pediatrics, Ankur Institute of Child Health, Behind City Gold Cinema, Ashram Road, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 380009, India.
Indian J Pediatr. 2018 Dec;85(12):1118-1127. doi: 10.1007/s12098-017-2555-2. Epub 2018 Jan 6.
Vaccination is amongst the best strategies to improve child survival and reduce morbidity. Vaccines represent the most cost effective and simple intervention to protect against distressing epidemics. There are mortality and morbidity related benefits derived from preventing infectious diseases through vaccination; these include financial benefits by avoiding hospitalization, preventing long-term disability and increased productivity. Ever since the invention of the first vaccine against smallpox by Edward Jenner in 1796, vaccination has become indispensable healthcare intervention and has saved millions of lives. Due to significant scientific progress, many vaccines are available and numerous are anticipated; however, vaccine preventable infectious diseases are still prevalent. Due to rapid pace of developments in the field of vaccination, providers must continue to update their knowledge. The present review is aimed at helping general practitioners understand routine vaccinations, their considerations, issues and side effects.
接种疫苗是提高儿童生存率和降低发病率的最佳策略之一。疫苗是预防令人痛苦的传染病最具成本效益和最简单的干预措施。通过接种疫苗预防传染病可以带来与死亡率和发病率相关的益处，包括避免住院治疗、预防长期残疾和提高生产力带来的经济效益。自从爱德华·詹纳（Edward Jenner）于 1796 年发明了针对天花的第一种疫苗以来，接种疫苗已成为不可或缺的医疗保健干预措施，挽救了数百万人的生命。由于疫苗学领域取得了重大科学进展，目前已有许多疫苗可用，并且预计还会有更多疫苗问世；然而，可通过疫苗预防的传染病仍然很普遍。由于疫苗接种领域的快速发展，提供者必须不断更新知识。本综述旨在帮助全科医生了解常规疫苗接种及其注意事项、问题和副作用。
