Mortenson W Ben, Sixsmith Andrew, Woolrych Ryan
Gerontology Research Centre, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
Ageing Soc. 2015 Mar;35(3):512-530. doi: 10.1017/S0144686X13000846. Epub 2013 Dec 3.
There is a long history of surveillance of older adults in institutional settings and it is becoming an increasingly common feature of modern society. New surveillance technologies that include activity monitoring, and ubiquitous computing, which are described as ambient assisted living (AAL) are being developed to provide unobtrusive monitoring and support of activities of daily living and to extend the quality and length of time older people can live in their homes. However, concerns have been raised with how these kinds of technologies may affect user's privacy and autonomy. The objectives of this paper are 1) to describe the development of home-based surveillance technologies; 2) to examine how surveillance is being restructured with the use of this technology; and 3) to explore the potential outcomes associated with the adoption of AAL as a means of surveillance by drawing upon the theoretical work of Foucault and Goffman. The discussion suggests that future research needs to consider two key areas beyond the current discourse on technology and ageing, specifically: 1) how the new technology will encroach upon the private lived space of the individual, and 2) how it will affect formal and informal caring relationships. This is critical to ensure that the introduction of AAL does not contribute to the disempowerment of residents who receive this technology.
在机构环境中对老年人进行监测已有很长的历史，并且它正日益成为现代社会的一个普遍特征。包括活动监测和无处不在的计算（被称为环境辅助生活，即AAL）在内的新监测技术正在被开发，以提供对日常生活活动的不干扰监测和支持，并延长老年人能够在家中生活的质量和时间。然而，人们对这类技术可能如何影响用户的隐私和自主性提出了担忧。本文的目的是：1）描述基于家庭的监测技术的发展；2）研究如何利用这项技术对监测进行重新构建；3）借鉴福柯和戈夫曼的理论著作，探讨采用AAL作为一种监测手段可能产生的结果。讨论表明，未来的研究需要考虑当前关于技术与老龄化的讨论之外的两个关键领域，具体而言：1）新技术将如何侵犯个人的私人生活空间，以及2）它将如何影响正式和非正式的护理关系。这对于确保引入AAL不会导致接受这项技术的居民被剥夺权力至关重要。
