1 College of Health Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA.
2 School of Community & Environmental Health Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA.
Trauma Violence Abuse. 2019 Oct;20(4):520-533. doi: 10.1177/1524838017721245. Epub 2017 Jul 24.
To date, little work specifically addresses empirical studies concerning barriers and facilitators to health service use among college female sexual violence victims. The following objectives were addressed: (1) analyze studies of college-aged women who have been victims of sexual violence to examine the frequency and moderating characteristics of utilization of university-based resources available, (2) identify inconsistencies and gaps in the literature concerning sexual victimization and service utilization, and (3) provide next steps for researchers and clinical care coordinators. Six electronic databases were searched from 1990 to May 2016. Inclusion criteria for the review were (1) university or college setting or sample, (2) empirical design, and (3) inclusion of some discussion or measurement of health service use. Following preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) procedures, 22 articles were identified for the review. Although prevalence rates of sexual victimization were high (4.7-58%), rates of service utilization were lower (0-42%). There were significant discrepancies between hypothetical use of services and actual rates of service use. Identified barriers included feelings of shame, guilt and embarrassment, not wanting friends and family to find out, and thinking the victimization was not serious enough to report. Identified facilitators included acknowledging the sexual violence victimization as a crime, receiving encouragement from friends and family to utilize health services, and receiving a positive response during the initial informal disclosure. Finally, measurement of victimization was inconsistent across studies. Recommendations are offered for college campus prevention programming and future research.
迄今为止，很少有工作专门针对大学生中女性性暴力受害者使用卫生服务的障碍和促进因素进行实证研究。以下是要解决的目标：（1）分析曾遭受性暴力的大学年龄女性的研究，以检查利用大学提供的资源的频率和调节特征，（2）确定文献中关于性受害和服务利用的不一致和差距，以及（3）为研究人员和临床护理协调员提供下一步的工作。从 1990 年到 2016 年 5 月，搜索了六个电子数据库。审查的纳入标准为：（1）大学或学院环境或样本，（2）实证设计，以及（3）包括对卫生服务使用的某些讨论或测量。根据系统评价和荟萃分析的首选报告项目（PRISMA）程序，有 22 篇文章被确定用于审查。尽管性受害的流行率很高（4.7-58％），但服务利用率却较低（0-42％）。假设服务的使用和实际服务的使用之间存在显着差异。确定的障碍包括感到羞耻，内疚和尴尬，不希望朋友和家人发现，以及认为受害程度不足以报告。确定的促进因素包括承认性暴力受害是一种犯罪，从朋友和家人那里获得利用卫生服务的鼓励，以及在初始非正式披露期间获得积极回应。最后，测量受害在研究中不一致。为大学校园预防计划和未来的研究提供了建议。
