Service des Maladies Professionnelles et Environnementales, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France.
Département des maladies infectieuses et tropicales, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France.
PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2018 Jan 16;12(1):e0006208. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006208. eCollection 2018 Jan.
Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis) is the main causative agent of bovine zoonotic tuberculosis. The aim of this systematic review is to highlight the occupational exposure to bovine tuberculosis due to M. bovis.
METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: A computer based literature search was carried out to identify papers published between January 2006 and March 2017. "PubMed, Cochrane Library and Science Direct" databases were searched systematically. Articles presenting the following properties were included: (i) focusing on M. bovis; (ii) concerning occupational exposure to bovine tuberculosis. A quality assessment was performed after selection of studies. Our search strategy identified a total of 3,264 papers of which 29 studies met the inclusion criteria. Of the 29 articles, 17 were cross-sectional studies (6 were of high quality and scored in the range of 6-7, 11 were of moderate quality and scored in the range 3-5), 10 were case reports, and 2 were reviews. Different occupational fields exposing to the disease were described: livestock sector, particularly in contact with dairy cattle (farmers, veterinaries and assistants, abattoir workers) and working in contact with wildlife (hunters, taxidermists).
A specific guideline for occupational practitioners taking care of employees exposed to bovine tuberculosis is warranted and should be tailored to level of exposure. This review was intended to be the first step of such a project. Articles were identified from various continents and countries with different socio-economic situations, broadening our understanding of the worldwide situation. Published data on occupational exposure in developed countries are scarce. We had to extrapolate findings from countries with higher prevalence of the disease.
牛分枝杆菌（M. bovis）是引起牛种人畜共患结核病的主要病原体。本系统综述的目的是强调由于 M. bovis 导致的职业性接触牛型结核。
方法/主要发现：我们进行了基于计算机的文献检索，以确定 2006 年 1 月至 2017 年 3 月期间发表的论文。我们系统地检索了“PubMed、Cochrane Library 和 Science Direct”数据库。纳入的文章具有以下特征：（i）聚焦于 M. bovis；（ii）涉及职业性接触牛型结核。选择研究后进行了质量评估。我们的检索策略共确定了 3264 篇论文，其中 29 项研究符合纳入标准。在 29 篇文章中，17 项为横断面研究（6 项为高质量，评分范围为 6-7 分，11 项为中等质量，评分范围为 3-5 分），10 项为病例报告，2 项为综述。描述了不同职业领域暴露于该疾病的情况：畜牧业，特别是与奶牛（农民、兽医和助手、屠宰场工人）接触和与野生动物（猎人、标本剥制师）接触。
需要为照顾接触牛型结核的员工的职业从业者制定专门的指南，并且应根据接触程度量身定制。本综述旨在作为此类项目的第一步。文章来自具有不同社会经济状况的不同大洲和国家，拓宽了我们对全球情况的了解。在发达国家，关于职业性接触的发表数据稀缺。我们不得不从疾病流行率较高的国家推断发现。
