García-Manrique Pablo, Matos María, Gutiérrez Gemma, Pazos Carmen, Blanco-López María Carmen
Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.
Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.
J Extracell Vesicles. 2018 Jan 17;7(1):1422676. doi: 10.1080/20013078.2017.1422676. eCollection 2018.
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are emerging as novel theranostic tools. Limitations related to clinical uses are leading to a new research area on design and manufacture of artificial EVs. Several strategies have been reported in order to produce artificial EVs, but there has not yet been a clear criterion by which to differentiate these novel biomaterials. In this paper, we suggest for the first time a systematic classification of the terms used to build up the artificial EV landscape, based on the preparation method. This could be useful to guide the derivation to clinical trial routes and to clarify the literature. According to our classification, we have reviewed the main strategies reported to date for their preparation, including key points such as: cargo loading, surface targeting strategies, purification steps, generation of membrane fragments for the construction of biomimetic materials, preparation of synthetic membranes inspired in EV composition and subsequent surface decoration.
细胞外囊泡（EVs）正成为新型的治疗诊断工具。与临床应用相关的局限性正催生一个关于人工EVs设计与制造的新研究领域。为了生产人工EVs，已经报道了几种策略，但尚未有明确的标准来区分这些新型生物材料。在本文中，我们首次基于制备方法，对用于构建人工EVs领域的术语进行了系统分类。这对于指导向临床试验路线的推导以及澄清文献可能是有用的。根据我们的分类，我们回顾了迄今为止报道的其制备的主要策略，包括以下关键点：货物装载、表面靶向策略、纯化步骤、用于构建仿生材料的膜片段的生成、受EVs组成启发的合成膜的制备以及随后的表面修饰。
