Wallace L M
Br J Clin Psychol. 1986 May;25 ( Pt 2):111-8. doi: 10.1111/j.2044-8260.1986.tb00679.x.
An experimental study of the design and implementation of a special preparatory booklet designed to reduce stress in surgical patients is reported. Patients in this study were 63 women undergoing minor gynaecological surgery. They were allocated sequentially to three groups: routine care only (control group), routine care plus a minimally informative booklet (placebo group) and routine care plus a maximally informative booklet (experimental group). Changes in cognitive variables were assessed prospectively over the course of hospitalization and surgery. As expected, the intervention had direct effects on patients' knowledge, reported information and worries about surgery. It also had indirect beneficial effects on the amount of reported information and support from staff and families. Finally, patients in the placebo group were found to have more misconceptions about surgery and to more often report anxiety in communication with staff and in association with reading materials. Partial correlation analyses showed that patients who have more knowledge about surgery have fewer worries and recover faster. The implications for cognitive theories of the process of stress reduction for surgical patients by psychological preparation are discussed.
本文报告了一项关于设计并实施一本特殊的术前手册以减轻手术患者压力的实验研究。本研究中的患者为63名接受小型妇科手术的女性。她们被依次分为三组：仅接受常规护理（对照组）、常规护理加一本信息极少的手册（安慰剂组）和常规护理加一本信息丰富的手册（实验组）。在住院和手术期间，对认知变量的变化进行了前瞻性评估。正如预期的那样，干预措施对患者的知识、所报告的信息以及对手术的担忧产生了直接影响。它还对所报告的信息数量以及来自医护人员和家属的支持产生了间接的有益影响。最后，发现安慰剂组的患者对手术有更多误解，并且在与医护人员沟通以及阅读相关材料时更常表现出焦虑。偏相关分析表明，对手术了解更多的患者担忧更少，康复得更快。本文还讨论了心理准备对手术患者减轻压力过程的认知理论的影响。
