Shaw Sarah D, Stämpfli Henry
Rotenberg Veterinary P.C., Palgrave, Ontario LOG 1WO, Canada; Large Animal Medicine, Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada.
Large Animal Medicine, Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada.
Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract. 2018 Apr;34(1):39-53. doi: 10.1016/j.cveq.2017.11.002. Epub 2018 Feb 14.
Acute, infectious, diarrhea in adult horses is a major cause of morbidity and is associated with numerous complications. Common causes include salmonellosis, clostridiosis, Coronavirus, and infection with Neorickettsia risticii (Potomac horse fever). Treatment is empirical and supportive until results of specific diagnostic tests are available. Supportive care is aimed at restoring hydration, correcting electrolyte imbalances, and limiting the systemic inflammatory response. The mainstays of therapy are intravenous fluid therapy, electrolyte supplementation where necessary, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents, and nutritional support. Specific therapies include colloid oncotic support, antibiotics, hyperimmune plasma, polymyxin B, pentoxifylline, probiotics, binding agents, gastroprotectants, laminitis prevention, and coagulation prophylaxis.
成年马的急性感染性腹泻是发病的主要原因，且与多种并发症相关。常见病因包括沙门氏菌病、梭菌病、冠状病毒以及里氏新立克次氏体（波托马克马热）感染。在获得特定诊断检测结果之前，治疗是经验性和支持性的。支持性护理旨在恢复水合作用、纠正电解质失衡并限制全身炎症反应。治疗的主要手段是静脉输液治疗、必要时补充电解质、使用非甾体抗炎药以及营养支持。特异性治疗包括胶体渗透压支持、抗生素、高免血浆、多粘菌素B、己酮可可碱、益生菌、结合剂、胃保护剂、预防蹄叶炎以及预防凝血。
