1Institute for Biomedicine of Aging,Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg,Kobergerstrasse 60,90408 Nuremberg,Germany.
2Department of Experimental Medicine,Sapienza University of Rome,Rome,Italy.
Public Health Nutr. 2018 Jul;21(10):1886-1903. doi: 10.1017/S1368980017004244. Epub 2018 Feb 12.
The identification of determinants of dietary intake is an important prerequisite for the development of interventions to improve diet. The present systematic literature review aimed to compile the current knowledge on individual functional determinants of dietary intake in community-dwelling older adults.
A systematic search was performed in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and the Cochrane Library. Titles, abstracts and full texts were screened according to predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Studies were included when focusing on dietary intake as an outcome and on chemosensory, oral, cognitive or physical function as a determinant.
Community.
Older adults at least 65 years old without acute or specific chronic diseases.
From initially 14 585 potentially relevant papers, thirty-six were included. For chemosensory, cognitive and physical function only a few papers were found, which reported inconsistent results regarding the relationship to dietary intake. In contrast, oral function was extensively studied (n 31). Different surrogates of oral function like dental status, number of teeth, bite force or chewing problems were associated with food as well as nutrient intakes including fibre. As all except six studies had a cross-sectional design, no causal relationships could be derived.
Among functional determinants of dietary intake oral factors are well documented in older adults, whereas the role of other functional determinants remains unclear and needs further systematic research.
确定饮食摄入的决定因素是开发改善饮食干预措施的重要前提。本系统文献综述旨在汇编关于社区居住的老年人饮食摄入的个体功能决定因素的现有知识。
在 PubMed、Scopus、Web of Science 和 Cochrane Library 中进行了系统搜索。根据预先设定的纳入和排除标准筛选标题、摘要和全文。当研究重点是饮食摄入作为结果，以及化学感觉、口腔、认知或身体功能作为决定因素时，研究被纳入。
社区。
年龄至少 65 岁、无急性或特定慢性疾病的老年人。
最初有 14585 篇潜在相关论文，其中 36 篇被纳入。对于化学感觉、认知和身体功能，只有少数几篇论文报告了与饮食摄入的关系不一致的结果。相比之下，口腔功能得到了广泛的研究（n=31）。口腔功能的不同替代物，如牙齿状况、牙齿数量、咬合力或咀嚼问题，与食物以及包括纤维在内的营养素摄入有关。由于除了六项研究外，所有研究均为横断面设计，因此无法得出因果关系。
在饮食摄入的功能决定因素中，口腔因素在老年人中得到了很好的记录，而其他功能决定因素的作用仍不清楚，需要进一步进行系统研究。
