Spinas Enrico, Mameli Antonello, Giannetti Luca
Department of Surgical Sciences, Sports Dental Research Center, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.
Department of Surgical Sciences, Pedodontics Division, University of Modena-Reggio, Modena, Italy.
Open Dent J. 2018 Jan 15;12:1-10. doi: 10.2174/1874210601812010001. eCollection 2018.
Traumatic dental injuries (TDIs) represent 18-30% of all oral pathologies and a considerable number of these are sports related. It is very important to treat sports-related injuries and prevent complications. However, very few studies investigate the most expedient therapeutic strategies for the treatment of dental trauma correlated to sports.
The aim of this work was to focus on the average recovery time for different lesions, to assess adequate times for each athlete, to identify any association with complications and to investigate whether or not the use of mouth-guards interfered with a full recovery to normal health.
This study involved a group of 30 athletes (15 male and 15 female) who had dental injuries of varying severity.For the purposes of data collection, two classifications were taken into account: a classification for hard tissue trauma and another for periodontal lesions. The athletes were subdivided in "type of lesion' groups".They were then treated depending on their individual lesions and followed up for 5 years. A statistical analysis was carried out to study the association between recovery time, lesion types and occurrence of complications.
The time for recovery was different for each type of lesion and ranged from 3-5 days (only uncomplicated fractures) to 14 days (all hard-periodontal tissue traumas). The total number of recorded pulp complications amounted to 6 cases. Among 30 athletes, 20 had begun and maintained, during the five-year follow-up period, the habit of using mouth-guards when practicing their sport activities.
Recovery time and the severity of lesions are statistically associated: the more serious the injury, the more time an athlete needs to recover and return to competitive sports events. Furthermore, recovery time and precautionary measures (mouth-guards) did not influence the onset of complications. The subjects' habit of wearing a mouth guard continued even after the end of the therapy and follow-up periods.
创伤性牙损伤（TDIs）占所有口腔疾病的18%-30%，其中相当一部分与运动有关。治疗与运动相关的损伤并预防并发症非常重要。然而，很少有研究探讨治疗与运动相关的牙外伤最便捷的治疗策略。
本研究的目的是关注不同损伤的平均恢复时间，评估每位运动员的适当恢复时间，确定与并发症的任何关联，并调查使用口腔防护器是否会干扰完全恢复到正常健康状态。
本研究纳入了一组30名有不同严重程度牙损伤的运动员（15名男性和15名女性）。为了收集数据，考虑了两种分类：硬组织创伤分类和牙周病变分类。运动员被分为“损伤类型”组。然后根据他们各自的损伤进行治疗，并随访5年。进行统计分析以研究恢复时间、损伤类型和并发症发生之间的关联。
每种损伤类型的恢复时间不同，从3-5天（仅无并发症的骨折）到14天（所有硬组织-牙周组织创伤）不等。记录的牙髓并发症总数为6例。在30名运动员中，有20名在五年随访期间开始并保持了在进行体育活动时使用口腔防护器的习惯。
恢复时间与损伤严重程度在统计学上相关：损伤越严重，运动员恢复并重返竞技体育赛事所需的时间就越长。此外，恢复时间和预防措施（口腔防护器）并不影响并发症的发生。即使在治疗和随访期结束后，受试者佩戴口腔防护器的习惯仍在继续。
