Lam R
International Research Collaborative - Oral Health and Equity, School of Anatomy, Physiology and Human Biology, The University of Western Australia, Western Australia, Australia.
Aust Dent J. 2016 Mar;61 Suppl 1:4-20. doi: 10.1111/adj.12395.
Dental trauma is a significant public health problem because of its frequency, impact on economic productivity and quality of life. It is not a disease and no individual is ever at zero risk of sustaining these potentially life-changing injuries. The aim of this article was to review the literature on the prevalence, incidence, aetiology, prognosis and outcomes of dental trauma. The importance of standardized reporting, oral health policy, adjunctive research methods, prevention and education will also be discussed. A search for relevant articles appearing in databases such as Medline, Cochrane and SSCI formed the basis of this review. Epidemiological studies indicate the annual incidence of dental trauma globally is at about 4.5%. Approximately one-third of children and toddlers (primary teeth) and one-fifth of adolescents and adults (permanent teeth) sustained a traumatic dental injury. The majority involved the maxillary central incisors, mainly from falls in toddlers at home and contact sport in adolescents. Despite these trends, there is considerable variation between studies within and across jurisdictions. There is a need to standardize research with a consistent approach to reporting, classification and methodology. This will improve research and form a greater basis for predicting prognosis. This research basis will assist in consent and clinical management.
由于其发生频率、对经济生产力和生活质量的影响，牙外伤是一个重大的公共卫生问题。它并非一种疾病，而且任何人都有遭受这些可能改变生活的损伤的风险。本文的目的是回顾关于牙外伤的患病率、发病率、病因、预后和结果的文献。还将讨论标准化报告、口腔健康政策、辅助研究方法、预防和教育的重要性。检索诸如Medline、Cochrane和SSCI等数据库中出现的相关文章构成了本综述的基础。流行病学研究表明，全球牙外伤的年发病率约为4.5%。大约三分之一的儿童和幼儿（乳牙）以及五分之一的青少年和成年人（恒牙）遭受过牙外伤。大多数涉及上颌中切牙，主要是由于幼儿在家中摔倒以及青少年进行接触性运动。尽管有这些趋势，但不同司法管辖区内和不同司法管辖区之间的研究存在相当大的差异。需要采用一致的报告、分类和方法来规范研究。这将改进研究，并为预测预后提供更坚实的基础。这一研究基础将有助于获得知情同意和进行临床管理。
