Langiano Elisa, Ferrara Maria, De Vito Elisabetta
Dipartimento di Scienze Umane, Sociali e della Salute, Università degli Studi di Cassino e del Lazio Meridionale. Campus Folcara, Cassino (FR), Italia.
Ig Sanita Pubbl. 2017 Sep-Oct;73(5):497-505.
Vaccinations in Italy show a downward trend since 2013 due to an evergrowing mistrust of the population with regard to vaccination that has resulted in lesser adherence to vaccination programs. The main cause of the reduction is due to a tendency observed in recent years, even at the international level, known as 'vaccine hesitancy'. A growing number of studies on vaccine hesitancy show that causes vary by country, population, vaccine, and context influences, but in all cases emerges the importance of health care professionals in patients decision about vaccine. The new Piano Nazionale della Prevenzione Vaccinale 2017-2019 (PNPV - Italian National Plan on Vaccine Prevention) underlines the need to invest for healthcare professionals in technical and scientific training not only about vaccination and vaccination strategies, but also on communication skills. Training interventions are also considered important for achieving another PNPV goal that is to "support, at all levels, the sense of responsibility of healthcare workers […..].". The training of health care staff is therefore recognized as a key aspect for the consolidation of national vaccination policies. It is intended to improve and standardize SSN's performance, skills and quality and to provide the essential tools to be able to respond adequately the growing demand for correct and exhaustive information from patients. Therefore, it is important to invest in strategies to improve technical, scientific and communication knowledges on vaccinations, adapting them to specific political, social and cultural contexts, in order to reinforce the sense of trust with citizens and to pursue the success of public health strategies to increase vaccine coverage.
自2013年以来，意大利的疫苗接种呈下降趋势，原因是民众对疫苗接种的不信任日益增加，导致对疫苗接种计划的依从性降低。接种率下降的主要原因是近年来在国际层面也观察到的一种趋势，即“疫苗犹豫”。越来越多关于疫苗犹豫的研究表明，其原因因国家、人群、疫苗和背景影响而异，但在所有情况下，医疗保健专业人员在患者的疫苗决策中都起着重要作用。新的《2017 - 2019年国家疫苗预防计划》（PNPV - 意大利国家疫苗预防计划）强调，不仅要在疫苗接种和接种策略方面，而且要在沟通技巧方面，对医疗保健专业人员进行技术和科学培训。培训干预措施对于实现PNPV的另一个目标也很重要，即“在各级支持医护人员的责任感[…]”。因此，医护人员的培训被认为是巩固国家疫苗接种政策的一个关键方面。其目的是改善和规范国家卫生服务体系（SSN）的表现、技能和质量，并提供必要的工具，以便能够充分应对患者对准确和详尽信息日益增长的需求。因此，投资于改善疫苗接种方面的技术、科学和沟通知识的策略很重要，要使其适应特定的政治、社会和文化背景，以增强与公民的信任，并实现提高疫苗接种覆盖率的公共卫生策略的成功。
