Emerg Infect Dis. 2018 Mar;24(3):506-513. doi: 10.3201/eid2403.162052.
During 2012-2015, we tested respiratory specimens from patients with severe respiratory illness (SRI), patients with influenza-like illness (ILI), and controls in South Africa by real-time PCR for Mycoplasma pneumoniae, followed by culture and molecular characterization of positive samples. M. pneumoniae prevalence was 1.6% among SRI patients, 0.7% among ILI patients, and 0.2% among controls (p<0.001). Age <5 years (adjusted odd ratio 7.1; 95% CI 1.7-28.7) and HIV infection (adjusted odds ratio 23.8; 95% CI 4.1-138.2) among M. pneumonia-positive persons were associated with severe disease. The detection rate attributable to illness was 93.9% (95% CI 74.4%-98.5%) in SRI patients and 80.7% (95% CI 16.7%-95.6%) in ILI patients. The hospitalization rate was 28 cases/100,000 population. We observed the macrolide-susceptible M. pneumoniae genotype in all cases and found P1 types 1, 2, and a type 2 variant with multilocus variable number tandem repeat types 3/6/6/2, 3/5/6/2, and 4/5/7/2.
在 2012 年至 2015 年期间，我们通过实时 PCR 对南非患有严重呼吸道疾病（SRI）、流感样疾病（ILI）的患者和对照者的呼吸道标本进行了肺炎支原体检测，然后对阳性样本进行培养和分子特征分析。肺炎支原体在 SRI 患者中的流行率为 1.6%，ILI 患者中为 0.7%，对照组中为 0.2%（p<0.001）。肺炎支原体阳性者中年龄<5 岁（调整后的优势比 7.1；95%CI 1.7-28.7）和 HIV 感染（调整后的比值比 23.8；95%CI 4.1-138.2）与严重疾病相关。在 SRI 患者中，归因于疾病的检测率为 93.9%（95%CI 74.4%-98.5%），在 ILI 患者中为 80.7%（95%CI 16.7%-95.6%）。住院率为每 100,000 人口 28 例。我们在所有病例中均观察到了对大环内酯类敏感的肺炎支原体基因型，并发现了 P1 型 1、2 型和 2 型变体，其多位点可变数串联重复类型为 3/6/6/2、3/5/6/2 和 4/5/7/2。
