Heo Eun-Hye, Choi Kyeong-Sook, Yu Je-Chun, Nam Ji-Ae
Department of Neuropsychiatry, Eulji University Hospital, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
Department of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Eulji University Hospital, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
Psychiatry Investig. 2018 Feb;15(2):124-132. doi: 10.30773/pi.2017.07.19. Epub 2017 Dec 1.
The Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) is designed to measure the current level of depressive symptomatology in the general population. However, no review has examined whether the scale is reliable and valid among children and adolescents in Korea. The purpose of this study was to test whether the Korean form of the CES-D is valid in adolescents.
Data were obtained from 1,884 adolescents attending grades 1-3 in Korean middle schools. Reliability was evaluated by internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha). Concurrent validity was evaluated by a correlation analysis between the CES-D and other scales. Construct validity was evaluated by exploratory factor and confirmatory factor analyses.
The internal consistency coefficient for the entire group was 0.88. The CES-D was positively correlated with scales that measure negative psychological constructs, such as the State Anxiety Inventory for Children, the Korean Social Anxiety Scale for Children and Adolescents, and the Reynold Suicidal Ideation Questionnaire, but it was negatively correlated with scales that measure positive psychological constructs, such as the Korean version of the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale and the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale-2. The CES-D was examined by three-dimensional exploratory factor analysis, and the three-factor structure of the scale explained 53.165% of the total variance. The variance explained by factor I was 24.836%, that explained by factor II was 15.988%, and that explained by factor III was 12.341%. The construct validity of the CES-D was tested by confirmatory factor analysis, and we applied the entire group's data using a three-factor hierarchical model. The fit index showed a level similar to those of other countries' adolescent samples.
The CES-D has high internal consistency and addresses psychological constructs similar to those addressed by other scales. The CES-D showed a three-factor structure in an exploratory factor analysis. The present findings suggest that the CES-D is a useful and reliable tool for measuring depression in Korean adolescents.
流行病学研究中心抑郁量表（CES - D）旨在测量普通人群当前的抑郁症状水平。然而，尚无综述探讨该量表在韩国儿童和青少年中是否可靠且有效。本研究的目的是检验CES - D韩语版在青少年中的有效性。
数据来自1884名韩国初中1至3年级的青少年。通过内部一致性（克朗巴哈系数）评估信度。通过CES - D与其他量表之间的相关性分析评估同时效度。通过探索性因素分析和验证性因素分析评估结构效度。
整个样本组的内部一致性系数为0.88。CES - D与测量负面心理结构的量表呈正相关，如儿童状态焦虑量表、韩国儿童青少年社交焦虑量表和雷诺自杀意念问卷，但与测量正面心理结构的量表呈负相关，如韩语版罗森伯格自尊量表和康纳 - 戴维森心理韧性量表 - 2。通过三维探索性因素分析对CES - D进行检验，该量表的三因素结构解释了总方差的53.165%。因素I解释的方差为24.836%，因素II解释的方差为15.988%，因素III解释 的方差为12.3年1%。通过验证性因素分析检验CES - D的结构效度，我们使用三因素层次模型应用整个样本组的数据。拟合指数显示与其他国家青少年样本的水平相似。
CES - D具有较高的内部一致性，且涉及与其他量表相似的心理结构。在探索性因素分析中，CES - D呈现出三因素结构。目前的研究结果表明，CES - D是测量韩国青少年抑郁的一种有用且可靠的工具。
