Department of Psychology and Behavioral Neuroscience, Florida Atlantic University, John D. MacArthur Campus, 5353 Parkside Drive, Jupiter, FL, USA
Department of Psychology and Behavioral Neuroscience, Florida Atlantic University, John D. MacArthur Campus, 5353 Parkside Drive, Jupiter, FL, USA.
Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2018 Apr 19;373(1744). doi: 10.1098/rstb.2017.0159.
The infant's psycho-physiological regulatory system begins to develop prenatally and continues to mature during the postnatal period. Temperament is a construct comprising tonic individual differences in dispositional physiological and behavioural reactions as well as an evolving ability to regulate to environmental conditions. Theoretical models and research have shown that neurohormonal and -physiological factors contribute to individual development and impact infant behaviours as well as the developing regulatory system. Moreover, prenatal maternal risks such as stress and depression are thought to programme fetal regulatory tendencies and that influences neural and behavioural functioning in infancy. The purpose of this review is to examine the theories and research that link infant temperament to neurohormonal and -physiological development in typically developing infants and in those exposed to environmental risk. Research has demonstrated associations between individual variation in physiological stress responses and regulation (measured with cortisol). Moreover, studies have noted an association with physiological regulation and socio-emotional interaction (as measured by the touch-oxytocin link) that may buffer emotional dysregulation. The interaction between individual differences in temperamental tendencies, neurohormonal and -physiological patterns will be discussed by presenting data from studies that have shown that infant neurohormonal and -physiological functioning sets an important trajectory for the development of the individual.This article is part of the theme issue 'Diverse perspectives on diversity: multi-disciplinary approaches to taxonomies of individual differences'.
婴儿的心理生理调节系统从胎儿期开始发展，并在出生后继续成熟。气质是一个由个体差异构成的概念，包括生理和行为反应的固有差异，以及对环境条件的调节能力的发展。理论模型和研究表明，神经激素和生理因素有助于个体发育，并影响婴儿的行为以及发育中的调节系统。此外，产前母体风险，如压力和抑郁，被认为会影响胎儿的调节倾向，并影响婴儿期的神经和行为功能。本综述的目的是探讨将婴儿气质与神经激素和生理发育联系起来的理论和研究，这些研究涉及正常发育的婴儿和暴露于环境风险的婴儿。研究表明，生理应激反应和调节（用皮质醇测量）的个体差异之间存在关联。此外，研究还注意到生理调节与社会情感互动（如通过触摸-催产素联系测量）之间存在关联，这种关联可能缓冲情绪失调。通过呈现表明婴儿神经激素和生理功能为个体发展设定重要轨迹的研究数据，将讨论气质倾向、神经激素和生理模式的个体差异之间的相互作用。本文是主题为“多样性的不同视角：个体差异的多学科方法”的特刊的一部分。
