Mixta gen. nov., a new genus in the Erwiniaceae.

The Erwiniaceae contain many species of agricultural and clinical importance. Although relationships among most of the genera in this family are relatively well resolved, the phylogenetic placement of several taxa remains ambiguous. In this study, we aimed to address these uncertainties by using a combination of phylogenetic and genomic approaches. Our multilocus sequence analysis and genome-based maximum-likelihood phylogenies revealed that the arsenate-reducing strain IMH and plant-associated strain ATCC 700886, both previously presumptively identified as members of Pantoea, represent novel species of Erwinia. Our data also showed that the taxonomy of Erwinia teleogrylli requires revision as it is clearly excluded from Erwinia and the other genera of the family. Most strikingly, however, five species of Pantoea formed a distinct clade within the Erwiniaceae, where it had a sister group relationship with the Pantoea + Tatumella clade. By making use of gene content comparisons, this new clade is further predicted to encode a range of characters that it shares with or distinguishes it from related genera. We thus propose recognition of this clade as a distinct genus and suggest the name Mixta in reference to the diverse habitats from which its species were obtained, including plants, humans and food products. Accordingly, a description for Mixta gen. nov. is provided to accommodate the four species Mixta calida comb. nov., M. gaviniae comb. nov., M. intestinalis comb. nov. and M. theicola comb. nov., with M. calida as the type species for the genus.