Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Faculty of Health Sciences, OsloMet-Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo 0310, Norway.
Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Aas 1433, Norway.
Nutrients. 2018 Feb 28;10(3):280. doi: 10.3390/nu10030280.
Norway has been considered iodine replete for decades; however, recent studies indicate reemergence of inadequate iodine status in different population groups. We assessed iodine status in pregnant women based on urinary iodine concentration (UIC), urinary iodine excretion (UIE), and iodine intake from food and supplements. In 804 pregnant women, 24-h iodine intakes from iodine-rich foods and iodine-containing supplements were calculated. In 777 women, iodine concentration was measured in spot urine samples by inductively coupled plasma/mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). In addition, 49 of the women collected a 24-h urine sample for assessment of UIE and iodine intake from food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Median UIC was 92 µg/L. Fifty-five percent had a calculated iodine intake below estimated average requirement (EAR) (160 µg/day). Iodine intake from food alone did not provide the amount of iodine required to meet maternal and fetal needs during pregnancy. In multiple regression models, hypothyroidism, supplemental iodine and maternal age were positively associated with UIC, while gestational age and smoking were negatively associated, explaining 11% of the variance. This study clearly shows that pregnant women in the Oslo area are mild to moderate iodine deficient and public health strategies are needed to improve and secure adequate iodine status.
挪威几十年来一直被认为碘含量充足；然而，最近的研究表明，不同人群的碘含量不足状况再次出现。我们根据尿碘浓度 (UIC)、尿碘排泄量 (UIE) 和食物及补充剂中的碘摄入量来评估孕妇的碘营养状况。在 804 名孕妇中，计算了富含碘的食物和含碘补充剂的 24 小时碘摄入量。在 777 名妇女中，通过电感耦合等离子体质谱法 (ICP-MS) 测量了尿样中的碘浓度。此外，其中 49 名妇女收集了 24 小时尿液样本，用于评估 UIE 和食物频率问卷 (FFQ) 中的碘摄入量。UIC 的中位数为 92µg/L。55% 的人计算的碘摄入量低于估计平均需求量 (EAR) (160µg/天)。仅从食物中摄入的碘并不能提供满足孕妇和胎儿在怀孕期间所需的碘量。在多元回归模型中，甲状腺功能减退症、补充碘和产妇年龄与 UIC 呈正相关，而妊娠期和吸烟与 UIC 呈负相关，解释了 11%的变异。这项研究清楚地表明，奥斯陆地区的孕妇存在轻度至中度碘缺乏，需要采取公共卫生策略来改善和确保充足的碘营养状况。
