Department Analytical and Food Chemistry, University of Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain.
EU Reference Laboratory for Marine Biotoxins, 36310 Vigo, Spain.
Mar Drugs. 2018 Mar 6;16(3):81. doi: 10.3390/md16030081.
Tetrodotoxins (TTX) are a potent group of natural neurotoxins putatively produced by symbiotic microorganisms and affecting the aquatic environment. These neurotoxins have been recently found in some species of bivalves and gastropods along the European Coasts (Greece, UK, and The Netherlands) linked to the presence of high concentrations of , in particular . This study is focused on the evaluation of the presence of species and TTX in bivalves (mussels, oysters, cockles, clams, scallops, and razor clams) from Galician Rias (northwest of Spain). The detection and isolation of the major spp. and other enterobacterial populations have been carried out with the aim of screening for the presence of the pathways genes, poliketide synthase (PKS) and non-ribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) possibly involved in the biosynthesis of these toxins. Samples containing spp. were analyzed by biochemical (API20E-galery) and genetic tests (PCR-RT). These samples were then screened for TTX toxicity by a neuroblastoma cell-based assay (N2a) and the presence of TTX was further confirmed by LC-MS/MS. TTX was detected in two infaunal samples. This is the first confirmation of the presence of TTX in bivalve molluscs from the Galician Rias.
河豚毒素（TTX）是一组天然神经毒素，推测由共生微生物产生，影响水生环境。这些神经毒素最近在欧洲沿海（希腊、英国和荷兰）的一些双壳类和腹足类物种中被发现，与高浓度的存在有关，特别是。本研究集中于评估西班牙西北部加利西亚里亚斯（Galician Rias）的贝类（贻贝、牡蛎、鸟蛤、蛤、扇贝和 razor 蛤）中是否存在 物种和 TTX。主要 spp. 和其他肠杆菌种群的检测和分离已经进行，目的是筛选可能参与这些毒素生物合成的途径基因、聚酮合酶（PKS）和非核糖体肽合酶（NRPS）。含有 spp. 的样品通过生化（API20E-galery）和遗传测试（PCR-RT）进行分析。然后，通过基于神经母细胞瘤细胞的测定（N2a）对这些样品进行 TTX 毒性筛查，并通过 LC-MS/MS 进一步确认 TTX 的存在。在两个底栖样品中检测到 TTX。这是首次确认加利西亚里亚斯贝类中存在 TTX。
