追求幸福中消逝的时光。

Vanishing time in the pursuit of happiness.

机构信息

Department of Marketing at Rutgers Business School, Rutgers University, Newark and New Brunswick, NJ, 07102, USA.

Department of Management and Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, Ontario, M1C 1A4, Canada.

出版信息

Psychon Bull Rev. 2018 Aug;25(4):1337-1342. doi: 10.3758/s13423-018-1436-7.

DOI:10.3758/s13423-018-1436-7

PMID:29524087

Abstract

Happiness can be conceptualized as a positive affective state or as a goal whose pursuit ironically pulls the pursuer away from achieving it (Mauss, Tamir, Anderson, & Savino in Emotion, 11(4), 807-815, 2011). But how do people think about time during this latter, never-ending pursuit of happiness? The present investigation asks how seeking happiness influences perceptions of time availability. Four studies demonstrated that trait-level happiness seeking (Study 1) as well as direct manipulation of happiness seeking (Studies 2, 3, and 4) consistently reveal the same pattern: reduced feelings of time availability while pursuing happiness. This negative effect on time availability is mitigated when happiness seems like it has been achieved (Study 2) or seems quick to achieve (Study 3). In addition, pursuing happiness can ultimately decrease happiness, in part, by reducing perceptions of time availability (Study 4), extending theories on happiness, goal pursuit, and perceptions of time.

摘要

幸福可以被概念化为一种积极的情感状态，也可以被视为一种目标，而追求这个目标却会讽刺地使追求者远离幸福本身（Mauss、Tamir、Anderson 和 Savino 在《情感》第 11（4）卷第 807-815 页，2011 年）。但是，在这种永无止境的追求幸福的过程中，人们是如何看待时间的呢？本研究探讨了追求幸福如何影响人们对时间可用性的感知。四项研究表明，幸福感寻求的特质水平（研究 1）以及幸福感寻求的直接操纵（研究 2、3 和 4）一致揭示了相同的模式：在追求幸福时，人们会感到时间可用性减少。当幸福感看起来已经实现（研究 2）或似乎很快就能实现（研究 3）时，这种对时间可用性的负面影响会减轻。此外，追求幸福最终可能会通过减少对时间可用性的感知来降低幸福感（研究 4），从而扩展了关于幸福、目标追求和时间感知的理论。