Master of Public Health Program, Department of Environmental Health Science, Eastern Kentucky University, Richmond, Kentucky.
Research and Extension Office, Kisii University, Kisii, Kenya.
Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2018 May;98(5):1520-1522. doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.17-0409. Epub 2018 Mar 15.
Milk vending machines (MVMs) are growing in popularity in Kenya and worldwide. Milk vending machines dispense varying quantities of locally sourced, pasteurized milk. The Kenya Dairy Board has a regulatory framework, but surveillance is weak because of several factors. Milk vending machines' milk is not routinely screened for antibiotics, thereby increasing potential for antibiotic misuse. To investigate, a total of 80 milk samples from four commercial providers ( = 25), street vendors ( = 21), and three MVMs ( = 34) were collected and screened in Eldoret, Kenya. Antibiotic residue surveillance occurred during December 2016 and January 2017 using Idexx SNAP tests for tetracyclines, sulfamethazine, beta-lactams, and gentamicin. Overall, 24% of MVM samples and 24% of street vendor samples were presumably positive for at least one antibiotic. No commercial samples were positive. Research into cost-effective screening methods and increased monitoring by food safety agencies are needed to uphold hazard analysis and critical control point for improving antibiotic stewardship throughout the Kenyan private dairy industry.
牛奶自动售货机（MVMs）在肯尼亚和全球范围内越来越受欢迎。牛奶自动售货机提供不同数量的本地来源、巴氏消毒的牛奶。肯尼亚乳业委员会有一个监管框架，但由于几个因素，监测力度很薄弱。牛奶自动售货机的牛奶没有常规筛查抗生素，从而增加了抗生素滥用的可能性。为了进行调查，从四个商业供应商（= 25）、街头小贩（= 21）和三个牛奶自动售货机（= 34）共采集了 80 份牛奶样本，并在肯尼亚埃尔多雷特进行了筛查。2016 年 12 月至 2017 年 1 月，使用 IDEXX SNAP 测试四环素、磺胺甲噁唑、β-内酰胺类和庆大霉素进行抗生素残留监测。总体而言，24%的牛奶自动售货机样本和 24%的街头小贩样本可能至少对一种抗生素呈阳性。没有商业样本呈阳性。需要研究具有成本效益的筛选方法和增加食品安全机构的监测，以维护危害分析和关键控制点，从而改善整个肯尼亚私营乳业的抗生素管理。
