Gao Qian, Li Xuemei, Huang Haitao, Guan Ying, Mi Qili, Yao Jianhua
Technology Center of China Tobacco Yunnan Industrial Co. Ltd., No. 41, Keyi road, Kunming, 650106, China.
Curr Microbiol. 2018 May;75(5):604-610. doi: 10.1007/s00284-017-1423-7. Epub 2018 Mar 21.
Phyllanthus emblica: (PE) fruit extract has pharmacological activity and exert anti-bacterial, anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer effects, but few study exist for evaluating its improved effects on the imbalance of oral ecology, which may contribute to series of oral diseases. In this study, an examiner-blinded, randomized, and gum-base-controlled crossover manner was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of a sugar-free chewing gum containing PE fruit extract in changing the oral microbiome. Twenty healthy young adults were randomly instructed to chew either PE gum or placebo gum. Saliva samples were collected at baseline and from 0 to 2, 2 to 5, 5 to 10, 10 to 15, and 75 to 80 min after each intervention. The following outcomes were measured: (i) salivary flow rate and pH value; (ii) total bacteria, Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) and Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) counts; and (iii) volatile sulfur compound (VSC) concentrations. The results showed similar data between groups at baseline and significantly higher salivary flow rates and pH levels in the PE fruit gum group after 0-2, 2-5, and 5-10 min of chewing. Assessment of total bacteria, S. mutans, P. gingivalis, and VSC levels revealed significant differences between the PE and control gum groups at 75-80 min. No adverse effects were registered. The present finding indicated chewing gum containing PE fruit extract stimulated salivary flow and significantly reduced clinical test indexes in the short term. Chewing PE gum might be a safe means of improving oral hygiene.
（PE）果实提取物具有药理活性，具有抗菌、抗氧化、抗炎和抗癌作用，但很少有研究评估其对口腔生态失衡的改善作用，而口腔生态失衡可能导致一系列口腔疾病。在本研究中，采用检查者盲法、随机、以口香糖基质为对照的交叉方式，评估含PE果实提取物的无糖口香糖对改变口腔微生物群的疗效。20名健康的年轻成年人被随机指示咀嚼PE口香糖或安慰剂口香糖。在基线时以及每次干预后0至2、2至5、5至10、10至15和75至80分钟收集唾液样本。测量以下结果：（i）唾液流速和pH值；（ii）总细菌、变形链球菌（S. mutans）和牙龈卟啉单胞菌（P. gingivalis）计数；（iii）挥发性硫化合物（VSC）浓度。结果显示，两组在基线时的数据相似，在咀嚼0-2、2-5和5-10分钟后，PE果实口香糖组的唾液流速和pH水平显著更高。对总细菌、变形链球菌、牙龈卟啉单胞菌和VSC水平的评估显示，在75-80分钟时，PE口香糖组和对照组之间存在显著差异。未记录到不良反应。目前的研究结果表明，含PE果实提取物的口香糖在短期内刺激唾液分泌并显著降低临床试验指标。咀嚼PE口香糖可能是改善口腔卫生的一种安全方法。
