Boyle Michael P
Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Montclair State University, 1515 Broad St. Building B - 2nd Floor, Bloomfield, NJ, 07003, United States.
J Commun Disord. 2018 May-Jun;73:50-61. doi: 10.1016/j.jcomdis.2018.03.004. Epub 2018 Mar 13.
The aim of this study was to (1) document the experiences of enacted stigma (external stigma, experienced discrimination) and felt stigma (anticipation and expectation of discrimination or negative treatment by others) in adults who stutter, (2) investigate their relationships to each other, and (3) investigate their relationships to global mental health.
Participants were 324 adults who stutter recruited from clinicians and self-help group leaders in the United States. Participants completed an anonymous web survey consisting of measures of enacted stigma, felt stigma, and global mental health. Data analysis focused on obtaining descriptive statistics for enacted stigma and felt stigma, and performing correlational analysis between these variables, and also between these variables and global mental health.
Most participants reported experiencing several different forms of social devaluation and negative treatment from other people at some point in their lives (i.e., enacted stigma), although they rarely experienced these events during the past year. Most participants agreed that they anticipate future stigmatizing experiences (i.e., felt stigma). Enacted stigma in the past year demonstrated a significant positive relationship to felt stigma. Both enacted stigma in the past year and felt stigma demonstrated significant negative relationships with global mental health. Enacted stigma in the past year and felt stigma were unique predictors of participants' global mental health.
People who stutter experience discrimination and social devaluation, and they anticipate future stigmatizing experiences. Both of these types of stigma, enacted and felt, are associated with reduced mental health in adults who stutter. Assessment and therapy with adults who stutter should address these aspects of stuttering.
本研究的目的是：（1）记录口吃成年人所经历的实际耻辱感（外部耻辱感，即经历过的歧视）和感知耻辱感（对他人歧视或负面对待的预期和期望）；（2）调查它们之间的相互关系；（3）调查它们与整体心理健康的关系。
参与者是从美国临床医生和自助小组组长那里招募的324名口吃成年人。参与者完成了一项匿名网络调查，该调查包括实际耻辱感、感知耻辱感和整体心理健康的测量指标。数据分析重点在于获取实际耻辱感和感知耻辱感的描述性统计数据，并对这些变量之间以及这些变量与整体心理健康之间进行相关性分析。
大多数参与者报告说，在他们生活中的某个时刻经历过几种不同形式的社会贬低和他人的负面对待（即实际耻辱感），尽管在过去一年中他们很少经历这些事件。大多数参与者同意他们预期未来会有耻辱性经历（即感知耻辱感）。过去一年中的实际耻辱感与感知耻辱感呈显著正相关。过去一年中的实际耻辱感和感知耻辱感都与整体心理健康呈显著负相关。过去一年中的实际耻辱感和感知耻辱感是参与者整体心理健康的独特预测因素。
口吃者经历歧视和社会贬低，并且他们预期未来会有耻辱性经历。这两种类型的耻辱感，即实际的和感知的，都与口吃成年人心理健康状况下降有关。对口吃成年人的评估和治疗应关注口吃的这些方面。
