Department of Animal Physiology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland.
Department of Comparative Anatomy and Anthropology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Lublin, Poland.
PLoS One. 2018 Mar 28;13(3):e0194969. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194969. eCollection 2018.
It seems that faba bean (FB) seeds could be a good protein-energy component in animal feed, but the presence of anti-nutritional substances limits their use as a substitute of soybean meal. The aim of the study was to examine the influence of different concentrations of raw, low-tannin, FB seeds on the gut-bone axis in Ross 308 broilers. One-day old chickens were randomly subjected to one of the 3 dietary treatments: the control group was fed standard diet based on soybean meal and without FB seeds, and two groups were fed 8%/15% and 16%/22% of raw low-tannin FB seeds in the starter and grower, respectively. On the 35th day, hematological and serum biochemical analyses as well histomorphometry of the small intestine and liver tissue and bone mechanical tests were performed. The diet type had no effect on the body weight gain and feed conversion ratio. However, the basal intestinal structures were significantly reduced in birds fed the lower concentration of FB. The enlargement of nerve plexuses was dependent on the concentration used in the diet and, additionally, on the kind of plexus and location in the intestinal tract. The liver was characterized by an increase in non-hepatocytes. There was no influence of the low-tannin FB seeds on most of the analyzed serum parameters in the 35-day-old broiler chickens, except the decreased concentration of total cholesterol and Ca in both experimental groups, triglycerides in group I, and P and uric acid in group II. Furthermore, the increasing concentration of the dietary low-tannin FB did not influence the activities of AspAT (except the group fed the higher amount of FB), ALAT, and LDH. The broiler chickens had no visible leg lesions and no problem in the locomotor function, but the tibiae were lighter mainly in birds fed the higher concentration of FB seeds. Geometric analysis revealed reduction of the cross section area and wall thickness, indicating a decline in the bone midshaft, which influenced the densitometric parameters and the results of mechanical tests. In conclusion, the dietary inclusion of raw low-tannin FB seeds had no negative effects on broiler growth, but disturbed the intestine structure and tibia characteristics. Therefore, all these negative effects necessitate additional examinations before inclusion of raw low-tannin FB seed into poultry diet.
似乎兵豆（FB）种子可以成为动物饲料中一种很好的蛋白质-能量成分，但由于存在抗营养物质，限制了其作为豆粕替代品的使用。本研究的目的是研究不同浓度的生的、低单宁 FB 种子对罗斯 308 肉鸡肠道-骨骼轴的影响。1 日龄的鸡被随机分为 3 种饮食处理组之一：对照组饲喂基于豆粕且不含 FB 种子的标准饮食，另外两组分别在育雏期和生长期饲喂 8%/15%和 16%/22%的生的、低单宁 FB 种子。在第 35 天，进行血液学和血清生化分析以及小肠和肝脏组织的组织形态计量学和骨骼力学测试。饮食类型对体重增加和饲料转化率没有影响。然而，在饲喂较低浓度 FB 的鸡中，基础肠道结构明显减小。神经丛的扩大取决于饮食中使用的浓度，此外，还取决于丛的类型和肠道的位置。肝脏的特点是非肝细胞增多。在 35 日龄肉鸡中，除了两组的总胆固醇和 Ca 浓度降低、组 I 的甘油三酯和组 II 的 P 和尿酸降低外，低单宁 FB 种子对大多数分析的血清参数没有影响。此外，日粮中低单宁 FB 浓度的增加不会影响 AspAT（组 II 中的 FB 量较高时除外）、ALAT 和 LDH 的活性。肉鸡没有可见的腿部病变，运动功能也没有问题，但胫骨较轻，主要是在饲喂较高浓度 FB 种子的鸡中。几何分析显示，横截面积和壁厚减小，表明骨中轴减小，这影响了密度参数和力学测试结果。总之，日粮中添加生的、低单宁 FB 种子对肉鸡生长没有负面影响，但会干扰肠道结构和胫骨特征。因此，在将生的、低单宁 FB 种子添加到家禽日粮之前，需要进行进一步的检查。
