Baranwal Anupriya, Srivastava Ananya, Kumar Pradeep, Bajpai Vivek K, Maurya Pawan K, Chandra Pranjal
Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, India.
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Guwahati, India.
Front Microbiol. 2018 Mar 9;9:422. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00422. eCollection 2018.
Nanostructured materials (NSMs) have increasingly been used as a substitute for antibiotics and additives in various products to impart microbicidal effect. In particular, use of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) has garnered huge researchers' attention as potent bactericidal agent due to the inherent antimicrobial property of the silver metal. Moreover, other nanomaterials (carbon nanotubes, fullerenes, graphene, chitosan, etc.) have also been studied for their antimicrobial effects in order ensure their application in widespread domains. The present review exclusively emphasizes on materials that possess antimicrobial activity in nanoscale range and describes their various modes of antimicrobial action. It also entails broad classification of NSMs along with their application in various fields. For instance, use of AgNPs in consumer products, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) in drug delivery. Likewise, use of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) and titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO-NPs) as additives in consumer merchandises and nanoscale chitosan (NCH) in medical products and wastewater treatment. Furthermore, this review briefly discusses the current scenario of antimicrobial nanostructured materials (aNSMs), limitations of current research and their future prospects. To put various perceptive insights on the recent advancements of such antimicrobials, an extended table is incorporated, which describes effect of NSMs of different dimensions on test microorganisms along with their potential widespread applications.
纳米结构材料（NSMs）越来越多地被用作各种产品中抗生素和添加剂的替代品，以发挥杀菌作用。特别是，由于银金属固有的抗菌特性，银纳米颗粒（AgNPs）作为一种有效的杀菌剂引起了研究人员的广泛关注。此外，其他纳米材料（碳纳米管、富勒烯、石墨烯、壳聚糖等）也因其抗菌作用而被研究，以确保它们在广泛领域的应用。本综述专门强调在纳米尺度范围内具有抗菌活性的材料，并描述它们的各种抗菌作用模式。它还对NSMs进行了广泛分类，并介绍了它们在各个领域的应用。例如，AgNPs在消费品中的应用，金纳米颗粒（AuNPs）在药物递送中的应用。同样，氧化锌纳米颗粒（ZnO-NPs）和二氧化钛纳米颗粒（TiO-NPs）作为添加剂在消费品中的应用，以及纳米级壳聚糖（NCH）在医疗产品和废水处理中的应用。此外，本综述简要讨论了抗菌纳米结构材料（aNSMs）的现状、当前研究的局限性及其未来前景。为了对这类抗菌剂的最新进展提供各种有洞察力的见解，本文纳入了一个扩展表格，该表格描述了不同尺寸的NSMs对测试微生物的影响及其潜在的广泛应用。
