Benowitz-Fredericks Carson, McQuoid Julia, Sheon Nicolas, Olson Sarah, Ling Pamela M
University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Health Promot Pract. 2019 Mar;20(2):196-205. doi: 10.1177/1524839918764897. Epub 2018 Apr 2.
Smoke-free policies prevent exposure to secondhand smoke and encourage tobacco cessation. Local smoke-free policies that are more comprehensive than statewide policies are not allowed in states with preemption, including Oklahoma, which has the sixth highest smoking prevalence in the United States. In states with preemption, voluntary smoke-free measures are encouraged, but little research exists on venue owners' and managers' views of such measures, particularly in nightlife businesses such as bars and nightclubs. This article draws from semistructured interviews with 23 Oklahoma bar owners and managers, examining perceived risks and benefits of adopting voluntary smoke-free measures in their venues. No respondents expressed awareness of preemption. Many reported that smoke-free bars and nightclubs were an inevitable societal trend, particularly as younger customers increasingly expected smoke-free venues. Business benefits such as decreased operating and cleaning costs, improved atmosphere, and employee efficiency were more convincing than improved employee health. Concerns that voluntary measures created an uneven playing field among venues competing for customers formed a substantial barrier to voluntary measures. Other barriers included concerns about lost revenue and fear of disloyalty to customers, particularly older smokers. Addressing business benefits and a level playing field may increase support for voluntary smoke-free nightlife measures.
无烟政策可防止接触二手烟并鼓励戒烟。在实行先发制的州，包括美国吸烟率排名第六的俄克拉荷马州，不允许实施比全州范围政策更全面的地方无烟政策。在实行先发制的州，鼓励采取自愿性无烟措施，但对于场所所有者和管理者对这些措施的看法，尤其是在酒吧和夜总会等夜生活场所，相关研究较少。本文基于对23位俄克拉荷马州酒吧所有者和管理者的半结构化访谈，探讨在其场所采取自愿性无烟措施的感知风险和益处。没有受访者表示了解先发制规定。许多人报告称，无烟酒吧和夜总会是一种不可避免的社会趋势，尤其是随着年轻顾客越来越期望有无烟场所。诸如降低运营和清洁成本、改善氛围以及提高员工效率等商业利益，比改善员工健康更具说服力。对于自愿性措施会在争夺顾客的场所之间造成不公平竞争环境的担忧，构成了自愿性措施的一大障碍。其他障碍包括对收入损失的担忧以及对顾客忠诚度的担忧，尤其是对老年吸烟者的忠诚度。解决商业利益和平等竞争环境问题可能会增加对自愿性无烟夜生活措施的支持。
