World Health Organization, Immunization, Vaccines and Biologicals, 20 Ave Appia, CH-1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland.
Vaccine. 2018 Jun 7;36(24):3408-3410. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.03.009. Epub 2018 Mar 30.
This article presented the World Health Organization's (WHO) recommendations on the use of on Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine excerpted from the BCG vaccines: WHO position paper - February 2018 published in the Weekly Epidemiological Record [1]. This position paper replaces the 2004 WHO position paper on Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine [2] and the 2007 WHO revised BCG vaccination guidelines for infants at risk for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection [3]. It incorporates recent developments in the tuberculosis (TB) field, provides revised guidance on the immunization of children infected with HIV, and re-emphasizes the importance of the birth dose. This position paper also includes recommendations for the prevention of leprosy. Footnotes to this paper provide a number of core references including references to grading tables that assess the quality of the scientific evidence, and to the evidence-to-recommendation tables. In accordance with its mandate to provide guidance to Member States on health policy matters, WHO issues a series of regularly updated position papers on vaccines and combinations of vaccines against diseases that have an international public health impact. These papers are concerned primarily with the use of vaccines in large-scale immunization programmes; they summarize essential background information on diseases and vaccines, and conclude with WHO's current position on the use of vaccines in the global context. Recommendations on the use of cholera vaccines were discussed by the Strategic Advisory Group of Experts (SAGE) in October 2017; evidence presented at these meetings can be accessed at: http://www.who.int/immunization/sage/meetings/2017/october/presentations_background_docs/en/.
本文摘译自《世界卫生组织周报》[1]上发表的《卡介苗（BCG）疫苗：世界卫生组织立场文件-2018 年 2 月》[1]，介绍了世界卫生组织（WHO）关于卡介苗（BCG）疫苗使用的建议。本立场文件替代了 2004 年关于卡介苗（BCG）疫苗的世卫组织立场文件[2]和 2007 年世卫组织修订的针对艾滋病毒（HIV）感染高危婴儿的 BCG 疫苗接种指南[3]。本文件纳入了结核病（TB）领域的最新进展，对感染 HIV 的儿童免疫接种提供了修订指导，并再次强调了出生时接种疫苗的重要性。本立场文件还包括预防麻风病的建议。本文脚注提供了一些核心参考文献，包括评估科学证据质量的分级表以及证据到推荐表的参考文献。根据向会员国提供卫生政策事项指导的任务，世卫组织定期发布一系列关于疫苗以及针对具有国际公共卫生影响的疾病的疫苗组合的立场文件。这些文件主要涉及大规模免疫规划中疫苗的使用；它们总结了疾病和疫苗的基本背景信息，并以世卫组织在全球背景下对疫苗使用的当前立场作为结尾。2017 年 10 月，战略咨询专家组（SAGE）讨论了霍乱疫苗的使用建议；这些会议上提交的证据可在以下网址获取：http://www.who.int/immunization/sage/meetings/2017/october/presentations_background_docs/en/。
