Lawrenson Charlotte, Bares Martin, Kamondi Anita, Kovács Andrea, Lumb Bridget, Apps Richard, Filip Pavel, Manto Mario
1School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Bristol, Tankard's Close, University Walk, Bristol, BS8 1TD UK.
2First Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University and St. Anne's Teaching Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic.
Cerebellum Ataxias. 2018 Mar 29;5:8. doi: 10.1186/s40673-018-0087-9. eCollection 2018.
The cerebellum has a striking homogeneous cytoarchitecture and participates in both motor and non-motor domains. Indeed, a wealth of evidence from neuroanatomical, electrophysiological, neuroimaging and clinical studies has substantially modified our traditional view on the cerebellum as a sole calibrator of sensorimotor functions. Despite the major advances of the last four decades of cerebellar research, outstanding questions remain regarding the mechanisms and functions of the cerebellar circuitry. We discuss major clues from both experimental and clinical studies, with a focus on rodent models in fear behaviour, on the role of the cerebellum in motor control, on cerebellar contributions to timing and our appraisal of the pathogenesis of cerebellar tremor. The cerebellum occupies a central position to optimize behaviour, motor control, timing procedures and to prevent body oscillations. More than ever, the cerebellum is now considered as a major actor on the scene of disorders affecting the CNS, extending from motor disorders to cognitive and affective disorders. However, the respective roles of the mossy fibres, the climbing fibres, cerebellar cortex and cerebellar nuclei remains unknown or partially known at best in most cases. Research is now moving towards a better definition of the roles of cerebellar modules and microzones. This will impact on the management of cerebellar disorders.
小脑具有显著的均匀细胞结构，参与运动和非运动领域。事实上，来自神经解剖学、电生理学、神经影像学和临床研究的大量证据已极大地改变了我们对小脑作为感觉运动功能唯一校准器的传统看法。尽管在过去四十年的小脑研究中取得了重大进展，但关于小脑回路的机制和功能仍存在突出问题。我们讨论了来自实验和临床研究的主要线索，重点关注啮齿动物模型在恐惧行为中的表现、小脑在运动控制中的作用、小脑对时间的贡献以及我们对小脑震颤发病机制的评估。小脑在优化行为、运动控制、时间程序以及防止身体振荡方面占据核心地位。如今，小脑比以往任何时候都更被视为影响中枢神经系统疾病领域的主要参与者，范围从运动障碍到认知和情感障碍。然而，在大多数情况下，苔藓纤维、攀缘纤维、小脑皮质和小脑核的各自作用仍然未知，或者充其量只是部分已知。目前的研究正朝着更好地定义小脑模块和微区的作用发展。这将对小脑疾病的管理产生影响。
