在秘鲁伊基托斯，通过室内超低容量（ULV）杀虫剂喷雾控制埃及伊蚊的效果。
Efficacy of Aedes aegypti control by indoor Ultra Low Volume (ULV) insecticide spraying in Iquitos, Peru.
机构信息
Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC United States of America.
Naval Medical Research Unit No. 6, 3230 Lima Pl., Washington DC, Lima and Iquitos, Peru.
出版信息
PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2018 Apr 6;12(4):e0006378. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006378. eCollection 2018 Apr.
BACKGROUND
Aedes aegypti is a primary vector of dengue, chikungunya, Zika, and urban yellow fever viruses. Indoor, ultra low volume (ULV) space spraying with pyrethroid insecticides is the main approach used for Ae. aegypti emergency control in many countries. Given the widespread use of this method, the lack of large-scale experiments or detailed evaluations of municipal spray programs is problematic.
METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Two experimental evaluations of non-residual, indoor ULV pyrethroid spraying were conducted in Iquitos, Peru. In each, a central sprayed sector was surrounded by an unsprayed buffer sector. In 2013, spray and buffer sectors included 398 and 765 houses, respectively. Spraying reduced the mean number of adults captured per house by ~83 percent relative to the pre-spray baseline survey. In the 2014 experiment, sprayed and buffer sectors included 1,117 and 1,049 houses, respectively. Here, the sprayed sector's number of adults per house was reduced ~64 percent relative to baseline. Parity surveys in the sprayed sector during the 2014 spray period indicated an increase in the proportion of very young females. We also evaluated impacts of a 2014 citywide spray program by the local Ministry of Health, which reduced adult populations by ~60 percent. In all cases, adult densities returned to near-baseline levels within one month.
CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Our results demonstrate that densities of adult Ae. aegypti can be reduced by experimental and municipal spraying programs. The finding that adult densities return to approximately pre-spray densities in less than a month is similar to results from previous, smaller scale experiments. Our results demonstrate that ULV spraying is best viewed as having a short-term entomological effect. The epidemiological impact of ULV spraying will need evaluation in future trials that measure capacity of insecticide spraying to reduce human infection or disease.
背景
埃及伊蚊是登革热、基孔肯雅热、寨卡和城市型黄热病病毒的主要传播媒介。在许多国家，室内超低容量（ULV）空间喷洒拟除虫菊酯杀虫剂是用于控制埃及伊蚊的主要方法。考虑到这种方法的广泛应用，缺乏对市政喷雾计划的大规模实验或详细评估是有问题的。
方法/主要发现：在秘鲁伊基托斯进行了两次非残留性室内 ULV 拟除虫菊酯喷雾的实验评估。在每次实验中，一个中央喷雾区被一个未喷雾的缓冲区包围。在 2013 年，喷雾区和缓冲区分别包括 398 户和 765 户。与基线预喷调查相比，喷雾减少了每所房屋捕获的成蚊数量，相对减少了约 83%。在 2014 年的实验中，喷雾区和缓冲区分别包括 1117 户和 1049 户。在这里，与基线相比，每所房屋的成蚊数量减少了约 64%。在 2014 年喷雾期间，对喷雾区的对偶调查表明，非常年轻的雌性比例有所增加。我们还评估了当地卫生部 2014 年全市范围内的喷雾计划的影响，该计划使成蚊数量减少了约 60%。在所有情况下，成蚊密度在一个月内恢复到接近基线水平。
结论/意义：我们的结果表明，通过实验和市政喷雾计划可以降低成蚊密度。在不到一个月的时间内，成蚊密度恢复到接近预喷水平的发现与以前更小规模实验的结果相似。我们的结果表明，ULV 喷雾最好被视为具有短期的昆虫学效果。在未来的试验中，需要评估 ULV 喷雾减少人类感染或疾病的能力，以评估其对流行病学的影响。
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