1 INSERM UMR 1063, Stress Oxydant et Pathologies Métaboliques, UNIV Angers, Université Bretagne Loire, Angers, France.
2 Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire d'Angers, Angers, France.
Antioxid Redox Signal. 2019 Feb 20;30(6):813-856. doi: 10.1089/ars.2017.7265. Epub 2018 Apr 30.
Secreted extracellular vesicles (EVs) are now considered veritable entities for diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutics. These structures are able to interact with target cells and modify their phenotype and function. Recent Advances: Since composition of EVs depends on the cell type of origin and the stimulation that leads to their release, the analysis of EV content remains an important input to understand the potential effects of EVs on target cells.
Here, we review recent data related to the mechanisms involved in the formation of EVs and the methods allowing specific EV isolation and identification. Also, we analyze the potential use of EVs as biomarkers in different pathologies such as diabetes, obesity, atherosclerosis, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer. Besides, their role in these diseases is discussed. Finally, we consider EVs enriched in microRNA or drugs as potential therapeutic cargo able to deliver desirable information to target cells/tissues.
We underline the importance of the homogenization of the parameters of isolation of EVs and their characterization, which allow considering EVs as excellent biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis.
分泌的细胞外囊泡（EVs）现在被认为是诊断、预后和治疗的真正实体。这些结构能够与靶细胞相互作用，并改变其表型和功能。
由于 EV 的组成取决于其起源的细胞类型和导致其释放的刺激，因此分析 EV 的内容仍然是了解 EV 对靶细胞潜在影响的重要因素。
在这里，我们回顾了与 EV 形成相关的机制以及允许特定 EV 分离和鉴定的方法的最新数据。此外，我们还分析了 EV 作为糖尿病、肥胖症、动脉粥样硬化、神经退行性疾病和癌症等不同疾病生物标志物的潜在用途。此外，还讨论了它们在这些疾病中的作用。最后，我们认为富含 microRNA 或药物的 EV 可以作为有前途的治疗载体，将所需信息传递给靶细胞/组织。
我们强调了 EV 分离及其特征化参数的均匀化的重要性，这使得 EV 可以作为诊断和预后的优秀生物标志物。
