Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Umeå University, S-90187, Umeå, Sweden.
The OLIN studies, S-97189, Luleå, Sweden.
Environ Health. 2018 Apr 11;17(1):34. doi: 10.1186/s12940-018-0383-0.
Trichloramine exposure in indoor swimming pools has been suggested to cause asthma in children. We aimed to investigate the risk of asthma onset among children in relation to individual trichloramine exposure.
A longitudinal nested case-control study of 337 children with asthma (cases) and 633 controls aged 16-17 years was performed within a population-based cohort from The Obstructive Lung Disease in Northern Sweden studies (OLIN). Year of asthma onset and exposure time at different ages were obtained in telephone interviews. Trichloramine concentrations in the pool buildings were measured. Skin prick test results for inhalant allergens were available from previous examinations of the cohort. The risk for asthma was analyzed in relation to the cumulative trichloramine exposure before onset of asthma.
The participation rate was high in the original cohort (88 to 96%), and in the case-control study (80%). Trichloramine concentrations ranged from 0.020 to 0.55 mg/m (mean 0.15 mg/m). Swimming pool exposure in early life was associated with a significantly higher risk of pre-school asthma onset. A dose-response relationship between swimming pool exposure and asthma was indicated in children with asthma onset at 1 year of age. Children who were both sensitized and exposed had a particularly high risk.
Early life exposure to chlorinated swimming pool environments was associated with pre-school asthma onset.
室内游泳池中的三氯化氮暴露被认为会导致儿童哮喘。我们旨在研究儿童个体三氯化氮暴露与哮喘发病风险之间的关系。
在瑞典北部阻塞性肺病研究（OLIN）的一项基于人群的队列中，对 337 名哮喘患儿（病例）和 633 名 16-17 岁的对照进行了一项纵向嵌套病例对照研究。通过电话访谈获得哮喘发病年份和不同年龄段的暴露时间。测量了泳池建筑中的三氯化氮浓度。队列之前的检查提供了吸入性过敏原的皮肤点刺试验结果。分析了哮喘发病前的累积三氯化氮暴露与哮喘风险之间的关系。
原始队列的参与率很高（88%至 96%），病例对照研究的参与率也很高（80%）。三氯化氮浓度范围为 0.020 至 0.55mg/m（平均 0.15mg/m）。生命早期的泳池暴露与学前哮喘发病风险显著增加相关。在 1 岁时发病的哮喘儿童中，表明泳池暴露与哮喘之间存在剂量反应关系。同时致敏和暴露的儿童风险特别高。
生命早期接触氯化泳池环境与学前哮喘发病有关。
