Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry, LR99ES11, Faculty of Medicine Tunis, 15 street Djebel Lakhdar, Rabta, 1007, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia.
Lipids Health Dis. 2018 Apr 16;17(1):82. doi: 10.1186/s12944-018-0682-z.
Several anti-arthritic drugs and synthetic antioxidants have wide pharmaceutical uses and are often associated with various side effects on the human health. Dietary seed oils and their minor components like policosanol may offer an effective alternative treatment for arthritic and oxidative-stress related diseases. The biological effects of seed oils were affected by different parameters such as the stage of seed maturity. Hence, this study seeks to determine the policosanol content, antioxidant and anti-arthritic activities of milk thistle (Silybium marianum L.) oil extracted at various stages of seed maturation.
Milk thistle oil samples were extracted from seeds collected at three maturation stages (immature, intermediate, and mature). The 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethyl-benzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging assays were used to determine the antioxidant activity of the extracted oils. The anti-arthritic activity of oil samples was evaluated with bovine serum protein denaturation and egg albumin denaturation methods. Gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was employed to determine the policosanol profile.
Policosanol profile, antioxidant and anti-arthritic activities of milk thistle oil were influenced by the seed maturity stages. The oil extracted from the immature seeds had the highest total policosanol content (987.68 mg/kg of oil) and displayed the maximum antiradical activity (96.42% and 90.35% for DPPH test and ABTS assay, respectively). Nine aliphatic alcohols were identified in the milk thistle oil. The dominant poliosanol in the mature seed oil was octacosanol (75.44%), while triacontanol was the major compound (40.25%) in the immature seed oil. Additionally, the maximum inhibition of bovine serum protein denaturation (92.53%) and egg albumin denaturation (86.36%) were observed in immature seed oil as compared to mature seed oil. A high correlation was found between the total policosanol content, anti-arthritic activity and antioxidant capacity of oil.
The milk thistle oil exhibited a potential anti-arthritic and antioxidant activities and that it might contribute to the protection of humans from a variety of diseases like rheumatoid arthritis. Also, it could serve as natural antioxidant and anti-arthritic agents for application in the food industries and pharmaceutic. Policosanol level in the seed oils might contribute to their anti-arthritic and antioxidant activities.
几种抗关节炎药物和合成抗氧化剂具有广泛的药用用途，通常与人类健康的各种副作用有关。食用籽油及其微量成分如植物甾醇可能为关节炎和氧化应激相关疾病提供有效的替代治疗方法。籽油的生物学效应受不同参数的影响，例如种子成熟度阶段。因此，本研究旨在确定在种子成熟的不同阶段提取的乳蓟（Silybium marianum L.）油的植物甾醇含量、抗氧化和抗关节炎活性。
从三个成熟阶段（未成熟、中间和成熟）收集的种子中提取乳蓟油样品。使用 2,2-二苯基-1-苦基肼（DPPH）和 2,2'-联氮-双（3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸）（ABTS）自由基清除测定法来确定提取油的抗氧化活性。使用牛血清蛋白变性和卵白蛋白变性方法评估油样的抗关节炎活性。采用气相色谱-质谱联用（GC-MS）法测定植物甾醇的含量。
乳蓟籽油的植物甾醇含量、抗氧化和抗关节炎活性受种子成熟阶段的影响。从未成熟种子中提取的油具有最高的总植物甾醇含量（987.68 mg/kg 油），并表现出最大的自由基清除活性（DPPH 试验和 ABTS 测定分别为 96.42%和 90.35%）。在乳蓟油中鉴定出九种脂肪醇。成熟种子油中的主要植物甾醇是二十八烷醇（75.44%），而在未成熟种子油中主要化合物是三十烷醇（40.25%）。此外，与成熟种子油相比，未成熟种子油对牛血清蛋白变性（92.53%）和卵白蛋白变性（86.36%）的最大抑制作用。油的总植物甾醇含量、抗关节炎活性和抗氧化能力之间存在高度相关性。
乳蓟油表现出潜在的抗关节炎和抗氧化活性，可能有助于保护人类免受类风湿性关节炎等多种疾病的侵害。此外，它可以作为天然抗氧化剂和抗关节炎剂应用于食品工业和制药工业。种子油中的植物甾醇水平可能有助于其抗关节炎和抗氧化活性。
