Shearer Jan Keith
Professor and Extension Veterinarian, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011-1250, USA.
Animals (Basel). 2018 Apr 17;8(4):57. doi: 10.3390/ani8040057.
Acceptable methods for the euthanasia of cattle include overdose of an anesthetic, gunshot and captive bolt. The use of anesthetics for euthanasia is costly and complicates carcass disposal. These issues can be avoided by use of a physical method such as gunshot or captive bolt; however, each requires that certain conditions be met to assure an immediate loss of consciousness and death. For example, the caliber of firearm and type of bullet are important considerations when gunshot is used. When captive bolt is used, a penetrating captive bolt loaded with the appropriate powder charge and accompanied by a follow up (adjunctive) step to assure death are required. The success of physical methods also requires careful selection of the anatomic site for entry of a “free bullet” or “bolt” in the case of penetrating captive bolt. Disease eradication plans for animal health emergencies necessitate methods of euthanasia that will facilitate rapid and efficient depopulation of animals while preserving their welfare to the greatest extent possible. A portable pneumatic captive bolt device has been developed and validated as effective for use in mass depopulation scenarios. Finally, while most tend to focus on the technical aspects of euthanasia, it is extremely important that no one forget the human cost for those who may be required to perform the task of euthanasia on a regular basis. Symptoms including depression, grief, sleeplessness and destructive behaviors including alcoholism and drug abuse are not uncommon for those who participate in the euthanasia of animals.
牛安乐死的可接受方法包括过量使用麻醉剂、枪击和致昏枪。使用麻醉剂进行安乐死成本高昂且会使尸体处理复杂化。通过使用枪击或致昏枪等物理方法可以避免这些问题；然而，每种方法都需要满足一定条件以确保立即失去意识和死亡。例如，使用枪击时，枪支的口径和子弹类型是重要的考虑因素。使用致昏枪时，需要使用装有适当火药量的穿透式致昏枪，并辅以后续（辅助）步骤以确保死亡。物理方法的成功还需要仔细选择“自由子弹”或穿透式致昏枪的“枪栓”进入的解剖部位。动物健康紧急情况的疾病根除计划需要安乐死方法，以便在最大程度保护动物福利的同时促进动物的快速高效扑杀。一种便携式气动致昏枪装置已被开发并验证可有效用于大规模扑杀情况。最后，虽然大多数人倾向于关注安乐死的技术方面，但极为重要的是，任何人都不要忘记对于那些可能需要定期执行安乐死任务的人所付出的人力代价。对于参与动物安乐死的人来说，包括抑郁、悲伤、失眠以及酗酒和药物滥用等破坏性行为在内的症状并不罕见。
