Swansea University Sleep Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Swansea University, Swansea, UK.
Sleep, Language and Memory Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of York, York, UK.
J Sleep Res. 2019 Feb;28(1):e12697. doi: 10.1111/jsr.12697. Epub 2018 Apr 22.
Incorporation of details from waking life events into rapid eye movement (REM) sleep dreams has been found to be highest on the 2 nights after, and then 5-7 nights after, the event. These are termed, respectively, the day-residue and dream-lag effects. This study is the first to categorize types of waking life experiences and compare their incorporation into dreams across multiple successive nights. Thirty-eight participants completed a daily diary each evening and a dream diary each morning for 14 days. In the daily diary, three categories of experiences were reported: major daily activities (MDAs), personally significant events (PSEs) and major concerns (MCs). After the 14-day period each participant identified the correspondence between items in their daily diaries and subsequent dream reports. The day-residue and dream-lag effects were found for the incorporation of PSEs into dreams (effect sizes of .33 and .27, respectively), but only for participants (n = 19) who had a below-median total number of correspondences between daily diary items and dream reports (termed "low-incorporators" as opposed to "high-incorporators"). Neither the day-residue or dream-lag effects were found for MDAs or MCs. This U-shaped timescale of incorporation of events from daily life into dreams has been proposed to reflect REM sleep-dependent memory consolidation, possibly related to emotional memory processing. This study had a larger sample size of dreams than any dream-lag study hitherto with trained participants. Coupled with previous successful replications, there is thus substantial evidence supporting the dream-lag effect and further explorations of its mechanism, including its neural underpinnings, are warranted.
将日常生活事件的细节纳入快速眼动（REM）睡眠梦境中，被发现最高出现在事件发生后的第 2 天晚上，然后是第 5-7 天晚上。这两个现象分别被称为“日间残留效应”和“梦境滞后效应”。这项研究首次对各种日常生活经历进行分类，并比较了它们在多个连续夜晚中被纳入梦境的情况。38 名参与者每天晚上填写一份日常日记，每天早上填写一份梦境日记，持续 14 天。在日常日记中，报告了三类经历：主要日常活动（MDAs）、个人重要事件（PSEs）和主要关注点（MCs）。在 14 天的周期结束后，每位参与者都确定了日常日记和随后的梦境报告中项目的对应关系。发现 PSE 被纳入梦境的日间残留效应和梦境滞后效应（效应大小分别为.33 和.27），但仅适用于日常日记项目和梦境报告之间对应数量低于中位数的参与者（被称为“低纳入者”，与“高纳入者”相对）。MDAs 或 MCs 没有出现日间残留效应或梦境滞后效应。将日常生活事件纳入梦境的这种 U 形时间尺度被提出是为了反映 REM 睡眠依赖性记忆巩固，可能与情绪记忆处理有关。与之前的成功复制研究相比，本研究具有更大的梦境样本量，且参与者都经过了训练。因此，有大量证据支持梦境滞后效应，进一步探索其机制，包括其神经基础，是合理的。
