布尼亚病毒分类学:当前用于物种划分的 ICTV 标准的局限性和误解。

Bunyavirus Taxonomy: Limitations and Misconceptions Associated with the Current ICTV Criteria Used for Species Demarcation.

机构信息

Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa.

Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado.

出版信息

Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2018 Jul;99(1):11-16. doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.18-0038. Epub 2018 Apr 19.

Abstract

The International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) has implemented numerous changes to the taxonomic classification of bunyaviruses over the years. Whereas most changes have been justified and necessary because of the need to accommodate newly discovered and unclassified viruses, other changes are a cause of concern, especially the decision to demote scores of formerly recognized species to essentially strains of newly designated species. This practice was first described in the seventh taxonomy report of the ICTV and has continued in all subsequent reports. In some instances, viruses that share less than 75% nucleotide sequence identity across their genomes, produce vastly different clinical presentations, possess distinct vector and host associations, have different biosafety recommendations, and occur in nonoverlapping geographic regions are classified as strains of the same species. Complicating the matter is the fact that virus strains have been completely eliminated from ICTV reports; thus, critically important information on virus identities and their associated biological and epidemiological features cannot be readily related to the ICTV classification. Here, we summarize the current status of bunyavirus taxonomy and discuss the adverse consequences associated with the reclassification and resulting omission of numerous viruses of public health importance from ICTV reports. As members of the American Committee on Arthropod-borne Viruses, we encourage the ICTV Bunyavirus Study Group to reconsider their stance on bunyavirus taxonomy, to revise the criteria currently used for species demarcation, and to list additional strains of public and veterinary importance.

摘要

国际病毒分类委员会(ICTV)多年来对布尼亚病毒的分类进行了多项修改。虽然大多数修改是因为需要容纳新发现和未分类的病毒而合理且必要的,但其他修改则令人担忧,特别是将大量以前公认的种降级为新指定种的变种的决定。这种做法首先在 ICTV 的第七次分类报告中进行了描述,并在所有后续报告中继续沿用。在某些情况下,基因组之间核苷酸序列同一性小于 75%的病毒,产生的临床表现差异很大,具有不同的媒介和宿主关联,具有不同的生物安全建议,并且发生在非重叠的地理区域,被归类为同一物种的变种。更复杂的是,病毒株已从 ICTV 报告中完全删除;因此,有关病毒身份及其相关生物学和流行病学特征的重要信息无法与 ICTV 分类直接相关。在这里,我们总结了布尼亚病毒分类的现状,并讨论了重新分类以及由此导致的许多对公共卫生具有重要意义的病毒被从 ICTV 报告中删除所带来的不利后果。作为节肢动物传播病毒美国委员会的成员,我们鼓励 ICTV 布尼亚病毒研究小组重新考虑其对布尼亚病毒分类的立场,修改目前用于物种划分的标准,并列出其他具有公共和兽医重要性的菌株。

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