Sleep Disorders and Research Center, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI.
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI.
Sleep. 2018 Aug 1;41(8). doi: 10.1093/sleep/zsy091.
To assess the risks associated with the use of alcohol as a "sleep aid," we evaluated tolerance development to pre-sleep ethanol's sedative-hypnotic effects, and subsequent ethanol dose escalation.
Volunteers, 21-55 years old, with insomnia in otherwise good medical and psychiatric health and no history of alcoholism or drug abuse participated. In experiment 1 (n = 24) 0.0, 0.3, or 0.6 g/kg (n = 8 per dose) ethanol was administered before sleep and 8-hour nocturnal polysomnograms (NPSGs) were collected. In experiment 2, after six nights pretreatment with ethanol 0.45 g/kg (n = 6) versus placebo (n = 6), choice of pre-sleep ethanol or placebo was assessed over seven choice nights.
The 0.6 g/kg ethanol dose increased total sleep time and stage 3-4 sleep on night 2, but these effects were lost by night 6 (p < .05). Six nights of ethanol pretreatment produced on the choice nights more self-administered ethanol refills than the placebo pretreatment (p < .03).
These are the first data to explicitly show the risks associated with the use of alcohol as a "sleep aid" among people with insomnia. Initially, a moderate dose of ethanol improved NPSG sleep, which was lost by night 6. Tolerance was associated with enhanced self-administration of pre-sleep ethanol.
为了评估将酒精用作“助眠剂”的相关风险，我们评估了睡前摄入乙醇产生镇静催眠作用的耐受程度，并进一步评估了随后的乙醇剂量递增情况。
年龄在 21-55 岁之间、患有失眠且身体健康和精神状况良好、无酗酒或滥用药物史的志愿者参与了该研究。在实验 1（n = 24）中，睡前给予志愿者 0.0、0.3 或 0.6 g/kg（n = 8 人/剂量）的乙醇，并采集 8 小时的夜间多导睡眠图（NPSG）。在实验 2 中，在 6 个晚上给予志愿者 0.45 g/kg 的乙醇预处理（n = 6）或安慰剂（n = 6）后，评估志愿者在 7 个选择晚上对睡前乙醇或安慰剂的选择情况。
0.6 g/kg 乙醇剂量在第 2 天增加了总睡眠时间和 3-4 期睡眠，但这些效果在第 6 天就消失了（p <.05）。6 个晚上的乙醇预处理使选择晚上自我给予的乙醇补充量比安慰剂预处理时更多（p <.03）。
这些是首次明确显示失眠人群使用酒精作为“助眠剂”相关风险的数据。最初，中等剂量的乙醇改善了 NPSG 睡眠，但在第 6 天就消失了。耐受性与睡前乙醇自我给药的增加有关。
