Department of Integrated Biosciences, College of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Konkuk University, Chungju-si 27478, Korea.
Nanotechnology Research Center, Konkuk University, Chungju-si 27478, Korea.
Molecules. 2018 May 31;23(6):1327. doi: 10.3390/molecules23061327.
The use of phytochemicals for preventing chronic diseases associated with oxidative stress such as cataracts is hindered by their low bioavailability. The effects of nano-carriers on the antioxidant activities of extracts of black rice with giant embryo (BRGEx) and soybeans (SBx) have been determined in human lens epithelial B3 cells. Scanning (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) demonstrated that rGO (reduced graphene oxide) has a flat surface unlike GO (graphene oxide), which has a distinctive wrinkled structure with defects. UPLC analysis revealed 41.9 μg/100 g of γ-oryzanols in water extract of BRGE, and 111.8 μg /100 g of lutein, 757.7 μg/100 g of γ-tocotrienol, 4071.4 μg/100 g of γ-tocopherol in 40% ethanol extract of soybeans, respectively. Even though a low concentration of BRGEx alone did not show any antioxidant activity in B3 cells, co-treatment of BRGEx with rGO together substantially reduced hydrogen peroxide and methylglyoxal-induced DNA damage, as determined by phosphorylated γH2AX. In addition, SBx with rGO also attenuated DNA damage. Furthermore, intracellular reactive oxygen species were significantly decreased by combining extracts of these colored grains with rGO. These results suggest a potential application of nanocarriers for enhancing the bioavailability of phytochemicals.
利用植物化学物质预防与氧化应激相关的慢性疾病（如白内障）的方法受到其生物利用度低的限制。本研究旨在探讨纳米载体对富含巨胚黑米（BRGE）和大豆（SBx）提取物抗氧化活性的影响。扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和透射电子显微镜（TEM）表明，与具有明显褶皱结构和缺陷的 GO（氧化石墨烯）不同，rGO（还原氧化石墨烯）具有平坦的表面。UPLC 分析表明，BRGE 水提取物中含有 41.9μg/100gγ-谷维素，40%乙醇提取物中含有 111.8μg/100g叶黄素、757.7μg/100gγ-生育三烯酚和 4071.4μg/100gγ-生育酚。尽管单独使用低浓度的 BRGEx 本身在 B3 细胞中没有表现出任何抗氧化活性，但 BRGEx 与 rGO 共同处理可显著降低过氧化氢和甲基乙二醛诱导的 DNA 损伤，这可通过磷酸化γH2AX 来测定。此外，与 rGO 一起用 SBx 也可减轻 DNA 损伤。此外，这些有色谷物与 rGO 结合可显著降低细胞内活性氧物种。这些结果表明，纳米载体在提高植物化学物质的生物利用度方面具有潜在的应用前景。
