Department of Biology & UF Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Florida, USA.
Department of Aerospace & Mechanical Engineering, University of Florida, Florida, USA.
Sci Rep. 2018 Jun 11;8(1):8920. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-27178-7.
The spiny mouse, Acomys cahirinus, is an adult mammal capable of remarkable feats of scar-free tissue regeneration after damage to several organs including the skin and the heart. Here we investigate the regenerative properties of the skeletal muscle of A. cahirinus tibialis anterior in comparison to the lab mouse, Mus musculus. The A. cahirinus TA showed a similar distribution of myosin heavy chain fibre types and a reduced proportion of oxidative fibres compared to M. musculus. There were differences in the matrix components of the TA with regard to collagen VI and the biomechanical properties. A. cahirinus TA regenerated faster with a more rapid induction of embryonic myosin and higher levels of dystrophin than in M. musculus fibres. There were lower levels of inflammation (NF-kB), fibrosis (TGFβ-1, collagens) and higher levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokine Cxcl12. There was a difference in macrophage profile between the two species. After multiple rounds of muscle regeneration the M. musculus TA failed to regenerate muscle fibres and instead produced a large numbers of adipocytes whereas the A. cahirinus TA regenerated perfectly. This clearly improved regeneration performance can be explained by differing levels of growth factors such as adiponectin between the two species.
刺鼠是一种成年哺乳动物，其皮肤和心脏等多个器官受损后能够实现无疤痕组织再生。在此，我们研究了 Acomys cahirinus 前胫骨肌的再生特性，并与实验鼠 Mus musculus 进行了比较。A. cahirinus TA 的肌球蛋白重链纤维类型分布相似，与 M. musculus 相比，氧化纤维的比例降低。TA 的基质成分在胶原 VI 和生物力学特性方面存在差异。A. cahirinus TA 的再生速度更快，胚胎肌球蛋白的诱导更快，抗肌萎缩蛋白水平更高。炎症（NF-kB）、纤维化（TGFβ-1、胶原）水平较低，抗炎细胞因子 Cxcl12 水平较高。两种物种的巨噬细胞表型存在差异。在多次肌肉再生后，M. musculus TA 未能再生肌肉纤维，而是产生了大量脂肪细胞，而 A. cahirinus TA 则完美再生。这种明显改善的再生性能可以通过两种物种之间生长因子（如脂联素）水平的不同来解释。
