Department of Nutrition, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA.
Channing Division of Network Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
J Nutr. 2018 Jul 1;148(7):1150-1159. doi: 10.1093/jn/nxy074.
Recent studies, primarily in non-Hispanic whites, suggest that dietary patterns have distinct metabolomic signatures that may influence disease risk. However, evidence in South Asians, a group with unique dietary patterns and a high prevalence of cardiometabolic risk, is lacking.
We investigated the metabolomic profiles associated with 2 distinct dietary patterns among a sample of Asian Indians living in the United States. We also examined the cross-sectional associations between metabolomic profiles and cardiometabolic risk markers.
We used cross-sectional data from 145 Asian Indians, aged 45-79 y, in the Metabolic Syndrome and Atherosclerosis in South Asians Living in America (MASALA) pilot study. Metabolomic profiles were measured from fasting serum samples. Usual diet was assessed by using a validated food-frequency questionnaire. We used principal components analysis to derive dietary and metabolomic patterns. We used adjusted general linear regression models to examine associations between dietary patterns, individual food groups, metabolite patterns, and cardiometabolic risk markers.
We observed 2 major principal components or metabolite clusters, the first comprised primarily of medium- to long-chain acylcarnitines (metabolite pattern 1) and the second characterized by branched-chain amino acids, aromatic amino acids, and short-chain acylcarnitines (metabolite pattern 2). A "Western/nonvegetarian" pattern was significantly and positively associated with metabolite pattern 2 (all participants: β ± SE = 0.180 ± 0.090, P = 0.05; participants without type 2 diabetes: β ± SE = 0.323 ± 0.090, P = 0.0005). In all participants, higher scores on metabolite pattern 2 were adversely associated with measures of glycemia (fasting insulin: β ± SE = 2.91 ± 1.29, P = 0.03; 2-h insulin: β ± SE = 22.1 ± 10.3, P = 0.03; homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance: β ± SE = 0.94 ± 0.42, P = 0.03), total adiponectin (β ± SE = -1.46 ± 0.47, P = 0.002), lipids (total cholesterol: β ± SE = 7.51 ± 3.45, P = 0.03; triglycerides: β ± SE = 14.4 ± 6.67, P = 0.03), and a radiographic measure of hepatic fat (liver-to-spleen attenuation ratio: β ± SE = -0.83 ± 0.42, P = 0.05).
Our findings suggest that a "Western/nonvegetarian" dietary pattern is associated with a metabolomic profile that is related to an adverse cardiometabolic profile in Asian Indians. Public health efforts to reduce cardiometabolic disease burden in this high-risk group should focus on consuming a healthy plant-based diet.
最近的研究主要在非西班牙裔白种人群体中进行，表明饮食模式具有独特的代谢组学特征，可能会影响疾病风险。然而，南亚人群（一个具有独特饮食模式和高发心血管代谢风险的群体）的证据却很缺乏。
我们旨在调查居住在美国的印度裔人群中，两种不同饮食模式相关的代谢组学特征。我们还研究了代谢组学特征与心血管代谢风险标志物之间的横断面相关性。
我们使用了来自“在美国生活的南亚人中的代谢综合征和动脉粥样硬化（MASALA）”初步研究中的 145 名年龄在 45-79 岁的印度裔人群的横断面数据。通过空腹血清样本测量代谢组学特征。使用经过验证的食物频率问卷评估日常饮食。我们使用主成分分析得出饮食和代谢组学模式。我们使用调整后的一般线性回归模型来研究饮食模式、个别食物组、代谢组学模式与心血管代谢风险标志物之间的关联。
我们观察到 2 个主要的主成分或代谢簇，第一个主要由中链至长链酰基辅酶 A（代谢物模式 1）组成，第二个由支链氨基酸、芳香族氨基酸和短链酰基辅酶 A（代谢物模式 2）组成。“西方/非素食”模式与代谢物模式 2呈显著正相关（所有参与者：β±SE=0.180±0.090，P=0.05；无 2 型糖尿病的参与者：β±SE=0.323±0.090，P=0.0005）。在所有参与者中，代谢物模式 2 评分较高与血糖测量值（空腹胰岛素：β±SE=2.91±1.29，P=0.03；2 小时胰岛素：β±SE=22.1±10.3，P=0.03；胰岛素抵抗的稳态模型评估：β±SE=0.94±0.42，P=0.03）、总脂联素（β±SE=-1.46±0.47，P=0.002）、脂质（总胆固醇：β±SE=7.51±3.45，P=0.03；甘油三酯：β±SE=14.4±6.67，P=0.03）和肝脏脂肪的放射性测量（肝脾衰减比：β±SE=-0.83±0.42，P=0.05）呈负相关。
我们的研究结果表明，“西方/非素食”饮食模式与代谢组学特征相关，这种特征与印度裔人群的不良心血管代谢特征有关。为了减少这一高危人群的心血管代谢疾病负担，公共卫生工作应重点关注健康的植物性饮食。
